Abstract
The requirement to apply regulatory limits (or at least recommendations) to detect mycotoxins presence in several samples, such as food, feed, and other biological matrices has prompted the development of a vast number of analytical methods for the detection, quantification and confirmation of these metabolites. The present chapter describes several methods developed for the determination of mycotoxins produces by Fusarium species associated with Fusarium Head Blight worldwide. The chemical diversity of Fusarium mycotoxins and their varying concentration ranges in a wide range of agricultural commodities, foods and biological samples poses a great challenge to analytical chemists. The different chemical and physicochemical properties of the mentioned mycotoxins require specific extraction, cleanup, separation and detection methods. Advantages and disadvantages of each method depend on its capability to separate impurities from the analytes, the time of sample preparation and economic aspects. The Fusarium mycotoxicology had its beginnings in 1809 with the identification of this genus by Johann Link, who characterized this group of fungi by the typical shape of their macroconidia. In 1903 the first indication that Fusarium graminearum and related species were associated with mycotoxicosis in farm animals appeared, producing hemorrhagic and estrogen syndromes, and rejection of food animals, especially pigs. Between 1961 and 1991, a group of researchers discovered the three most important mycotoxins produced by Fusarium genus: fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone, as well as other emergent mycotoxins such us: beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andrés F, Zougagh M, Castaneda G, Ríos A (2008) Determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine samples by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a carbon nanotube-modified electrode. J Chromatogr A 1212:54–60
Barna-Vetró I, Gyöngyösi A, Solti L (1994) Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of Fusarium T-2 and zearalenone toxins in cereals. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:729–731
Bennet BA, Nelsen TC, Miller BM (1994) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of zearalenone in corn, wheat, and pig feed: collaborative study. J AOAC Int 77:1500–1509
Berger U, Oehme M, Kuhn F (1999) Quantitative determination and structure elucidation of type A- and B-trichothecenes by HPLC/Ion trap multiple mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 47:4240–4245
Berthiller F, Schuhmacher R, Buttinger G, Krska R (2005) Rapid simultaneous determination of major type A- and B-trichothecenes as well as zearalenone in maize by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1062:209–216
Bhat RV, Shetty HPK, Amruth RP, Sudershan RV (1997) A foodborne disease outbreak due to the consumption of moldy sorghum and maize containing fumonisin mycotoxins. J Toxicol 35:249–255
Bird SB, Herrick JE, Wander MM, Wright SF (2002) Spatial heterogeneity of aggregate stability and soil carbon in semi-arid rangeland. Environ Pollut 116:445–455
Biselli S, Hummert C (2005) Development of a multicomponent method for Fusarium toxins using LC-MS/MS and its application during a survey for the content of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol in various feed and food samples. Food Addit Contam 22:752–760
Brian PW, Dawkins AW, Grove JF, Hemming HG, Lowe D, Horries GLF (1961) Phytotoxic compounds produced by Fusarium equiseti. J Exp Bot 12:1–21
Briones-Reyes D, Gómez-Martinez L, Cueva-Rolón R (2007) Zearalenone contamination in corn for human consumption in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Food Chem 100:693–698
Carter RM, Blake RC, Mayer HP, Echevarria AA, Nguyen TD, Bostanian LA (2000) A fluorescent biosensor for detection of zearalenone. Anal Lett 33:405–432
Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Pastorini E, Samperi R, Lanana A (2005) Development of a multiresidue method for analysis of major Fusarium mycotoxins in corn meal using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:2085–2093
Churchwell MI, Cooper WM, Howard PC, Doerge DR (1997) Determination of fumonisins in rodent feed using HPLC with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. J Agric Food Chem 45:2573–2578
De Saeger S, Sibanda L, Ban Peteghem C (2003) Analysis of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenolin animal feed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 487:137–143
Delmulle BS, De Saeger MDG, Sibanda L, Vetero IB, Peteghem CHV (2005) Development of an immunoassay-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in pig feed. J Agric Food Chem 53:3365–3368
Desjardins AE (2006) Fusarium mycotoxins. Chemistry, genetics, and biology. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 260 p
Dowell FE, Ram MS, Seitz MS (1999) Predicting scab, vomitoxin, and ergosterol in single wheat kernels using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cereal Chem 76:573–576
Dupuy J, Le Bars P, Le Bars J, Boudra H (1993) Determination of fumonisin B1 in corn by instrumental thin layer chromatography. J Planar Chromatogr 6:476–480
European Commission (2006) European Commission (Recommendation 2006/576/EC of 17 August 2006). The presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding. Off J Eur Union L 229:7–9
Fernandez C, Stack ME, Musser SM (1994) Determination of deoxnivalenol in 1991 U.S. winter and spring wheat by high performance thin layer chromatography. J AOAC Int 77:628
Filek G, Lindner W (1996) Determination of the mycotoxin moniliformin in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 732:291–298
Gabaldón S, López S, Carda JB (2003) Legislación y gestión medioambiental en la producción de baldosas cerámicas. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 42:169–179
Gelderblom WC, Jaskiewicz K, Marasas WF, Thiel PG, Horak RM, Vleggaar R, Kriek NP (1988) Fumonisins-novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1806–1811
Gilbert J (1993) Recent advances in analytical methods for mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam 10:37–48
Gilbert J (2000) Overview of mycotoxin methods, present status and future needs. Nat Toxins 7:347–352
Gilbert J, Anklam E (2002) Validation of analytical methods for determining mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Trends Anal Chem 21:468–486
Goryacheva IY, De Saeger S, Delmulle B, Lobeau M, Eremin SA, Barna-Vetró I, Van Peteghem C (2007) Simultaneous non-instrumental detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A using a clean-up tandem immunoassay column. Anal Chim Acta 590:118–138
Häubl G, Berthiller F, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2005) Suitability of a fully 13C isotope labeled internal standard for the determination of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by LC–MS/MS without clean-up. Anal Bioanal Chem 384:692–696
Hernández-Hierro JM, García-Villanova RJ, González-Martín I (2008) Potential of near infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of mycotoxins applied to naturally contaminated red paprika found in the Spanish market. Anal Chim Acta 622:189–194
Hervás M, López A, Escarpa A (2009) Electrochemical immunoassay using magnetic beads for the determination of zearalenone in baby food: an anticipated analytical tool for food safety. Anal Chim Acta 653:167–172
Hervás M, López MA, Escarpa A (2010) Simplified calibration and analysis on screen-printed disposable platforms for electrochemical magnetic bead-based inmunosensing of zearalenone in baby food samples. Biosens Bioelectron 25:1755–1760
Hoffmann RW, Bressel U, Gelhaus J, Hauser H (1971) Tetramethoxyethylene, VII. 2 + 2-cycloadditions to tetramethoxyethylene. Chem Ber 104:873–885
Ingle MB, Martin BW (1986) Precocious puberty in Puerto Rico. J Pediatr 109:390–391
Kadota T, Takezawa T, Hirano S, Tajima O, Maragos CM, Nakajima T, Tanaka T, Kamata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y (2010) Rapid detection of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in wheat using surface Plasmon resonance immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 673:173–178
Klötzel M, Schmidt S, Lauber U, Thielert G, Humpf HU (2005) Comparison of different clean-up procedures for the analysis of deoxynivalenol in cereal-based food and validation of a reliable HPLC method. Chromatographia 62:41–48
Koch P (2004) State of the art of trichothecenes analysis. Toxicol Lett 153:109–112
Kolosova AY, De Saeger S, Sibanda L, Verheijen R, Van Peteghem C (2007) Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Anal Bioanal Chem 389:2103–2107
Kolosova AY, Sibanda L, Dumoulin F, Lewis J, Duveiller E, Van Peteghem C, De Saeger S (2008) Lateral-flow colloidal gold-based immunoassay for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol with two indicator ranges. Anal Chim Acta 616:235–244
Kotal F, Radová Z (2002) A simple method for determination of deoxynivalenol in cereals and flours. Czech J Food Sci 2:63–68
Krska R (1998) Performance of modern sample preparation techniques in the analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals. J Chromatogr A 815:49–57
Krska R, Josephs R (2001) The state-of-the-art in the analysis of estrogenic mycotoxins in cereals. Fresenius J Anal Chem 369:469–476
Krska R, Molinelli A (2009) Rapid test strips for analysis of mycotoxins in food and feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 393:67–71
Krska R, Baumgartner S, Josephs R (2001) The state-of-the-art in the analysis of type-A and -B trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals. Fresenius J Anal Chem 371:285–299
Krska R, Welzig E, Berthiller F, Molinelli A, Mizaikoff B (2005) Advances in the analysis of mycotoxins and its quality assurance. Food Addit Contam 22:345–353
Kuiper GJ, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton C, Safe SH, Van der Saag PT (1998) Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor b. Endocrinology 139:4252–4263
Kulisek ES, Hazebroek JP (2000) Comparison of extraction buffers for the detection of fumonisin B1 in corn by immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 48:65–69
Lacy A, Dunne L, Fitzpatrick B, Daly S, Keating G, Baxter A, Hearty S, O’Kennedy R (2008) Rapid analysis of coumarins using surface plasmon resonance. J AOAC Int 89:884–892
Laganà A, Curini R, D’Ascenzo G, De Leva I, Faberi A, Pastorini E (2003) Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the identification and determination of trichothecenes in maize. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17:1037–1043
Langseth W, Rundberget T (1998) Review: instrumental methods for determination of nonmacrocyclic trichothecenes in cereals, foodstuffs and cultures. J Chromatogr A 815:103–121
Lattanzio VM, Solfrizzo M, Powers S, Visconti A (2007) Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins in maize by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after multitoxin immunoaffinity clean-up. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:3253–3261
Lattanzio VMT, Solfrizzo M, Visconti A (2008) Determination of trichothecenes in cereals and cereal-based products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam 25:320–330
Lattanzio VMT, Nivarlet N, Lippolis V, Della Gatta S, Huet A, Delahaut P, Granier B, Visconti A (2012) Multiplex dipstick immunoassay for semi-quantitative determination of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals. Anal Chim Acta 718:99–108
Le Bars J, Le Bars P, Dupuy J, Boudra H, Cassini R (1994) Biotic and abiotic factors in fumonisin B1 production and stability. J AOAC Int 77:517–521
Lippolis V, Pascale M, Visconti A (2006) Optimization of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid quantification of deoxynivalenol in Durum wheat-based products. J Food Prot 69:2712–2719
Lippolis V, Pascale M, Maragos CM, Visconti A (2008) Improvement of detection sensitivity of T-2 and HT-2 toxins using different fluorescent labeling reagents by high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 74:1476–1483
Macdonald SJ, Anderson S, Brereton P (2005) Determination of zearalenone in barley, maize and wheat flour, polenta, and maize-based baby food by immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography: interlaboratory study. J AOAC Int 88:1733–1740
Maragos CM (2004) Emerging technologies for mycotoxin detection. Toxin Rev 23:317–344
Maragos CM (2006) Measurement of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Food Prot 69:2773–2776
Maragos CM (2009) Biosensors for mycotoxin analysis: recent developments and future prospects. World Mycotoxin J 2:221–238
Maragos CM, Appell M (2007) Capillary electrophoresis of the mycotoxin zearalenone using cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence. J Chromatogr A 1143:252–257
Maragos CM, Kim EK (2004) Detection of zearalenone and related metabolites by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. J Food Prot 67:1039–1043
Maragos CM, Plattner RD (2002) Rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat. J Agric Food Chem 50:1827–1832
Maragos JE, Crosby MP, McManus JW (1996) Coral reefs and biodiversity: a critical and threatened relationship. Oceanography 9:83–99
Maragos CM, Jolley ME, Nasir MS (2002) Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat. Food Addit Contam 19:400–407
Maragos C, Busman M, Sugita-Konishi Y (2006) Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with the mycotoxins nivalenol and 4-deoxynivalenol. Food Addit Contam 23:816–825
Mateo JJ, Mateo R, Hinojo MJ, Lorens A, Jimenez M (2002) Liquid chromatographic determination of toxigenic secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium strains. J Chromatogr A 955:245–356
Molinelli A, Grossalber K, Führer M, Baumgartner S, Sulyok M, Krska R (2008) Development of qualitative and semiquantitative immunoassay-based rapid strip tests for the detection of T-2 toxin in wheat and oat. J Agric Food Chem 56:2589–2594
Mullett W, Lai EPC, Yeung JM (1998) Immunoassay of fumonisins by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Anal Biochem 258:161–167
Ngundi MM, Qadri SA, Wallace EV, Moore MH, Lassman ME, Shriver-Lake LC, Ligler FS, Taitt CR (2006) Detection of deoxynivalenol in foods and indoor air using an array biosensor. Environ Sci Technol 40:2352–2356
Nuryono N, Noviandi CT, Böhm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E (2005) A limited survey of zearalenone in Indonesian maize-based food and feed by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Control 16:65–71
Ostry V, Skarkova J (2000) Development of an HPTLC method for the determination of deoxynivalenol in cereal products. J Plan Chromatogr Modern TLC 13:443–446
Palacios SA, Ramirez ML, Cabrera Zalazar M, Farnochi MC, Zappacosta D, Chiacchiera SM, Reynoso MM, Chulze SN, Torres AM (2011) Occurrence of Fusarium spp. and fumonisin in durum wheat grains. J Agric Food Chem 59(22):12264–12269
Pallanori L, Von Holst C (2003) Determination of zearalenone from wheat and corn by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 993:39–45
Pascale M, Haidukowski M, Visconti A (2003) Determination of T-2 toxin in cereal grains by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up and derivatization with 1-anthroylnitrile. J Chromatogr A 989:257–264
Pettersson H, Aberg L (2003) Near infrared spectroscopy for determination of mycotoxins in cereals. Food Control 14:229–232
Plattner RD (1995) Detection of fumonisins produced in Fusarium moniliforme cultures by HPLC with electrospray MS and evaporative light scattering detectors. Nat Toxins 3:294–298
Plattner RD (1999) HPLC/MS Analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. Nat Toxins 7:365–370
Plattner RD, Norred WP, Bacon CW, Voss KW, Peterson R, Shackelford DD, Weisleder D (1990) A method of detection of fumonisins in corn samples associated with field cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia. Mycologia 82:698–702
Radová Z, Hajslová J, Králová J (2001) Analysis of zearalenone in wheat using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cereal Res Commun 29:435–442
Ramírez EA, Molina PG, Zón MA, Fernández H (2005) Development of an electroanalytical method for the quantification of zearalenone in maize samples. Electroanalysis 17:1635–1640
Razzazi-Fazeli E, Böhm J, Luf W (1999) Determination of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in wheat using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Chromatogr A 854:45–55
Razzazi-Fazeli E, Rabus B, Cecon B, Böhm J (2002) Simultaneous quantification of A-trichothecene mycotoxins in grains using liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 968:129–142
Reza OM, HJajimahmoodi M, Memariam S (2005) Determination of zearalenone in corn flour and a cheese snack product using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Food Addit Contam 22:443–448
Rheeder JP, Marasas WFO, Vismer HF (2002) Production of fumonisin analogs by Fusarium species. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2101–2105
Rosenberg E, Krska R, Wissiack R, Kmetov V, Josephs R, Razzazi E, Grasserbauer M (1998) High performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry as a new tool for the determination of the mycotoxin zearalenone in food and feed. J Chromatogr A 819:277–288
Ross PF, Rice LG, Plattner RD, Osweiler GD, Wilson TM, Owens DL, Nelson HA, Richard JL (1991) Concentrations of fumonisin B1 in feeds associated with animal health problems. Mycopathologia 114:129–135
Rottinghaus GE, Coatney CE, Minor HC (1992) A rapid, sensitive thin layer chromatography procedure for the detection of fumonisin B1 and B2. J Vet Diagn Invest 4:326–329
Saha D, Acharya D, Roy D, Shrestha D, Dhar TK (2007) Simultaneous enzyme immunoassay for the screening of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in chili samples. Anal Chim Acta 584:343–349
Schaafsma AW, Nicol RW, Savard ME, Sinha RC, Reid LM, Rottinghaus G (1998) Analysis of Fusarium toxins in maize and wheat using thin layer chromatography. Mycopathologia 142:107–113
Schneider E, Usleber E, Märtlbauer E, Terplan G (1995) Multimycotoxin dipstick enzyme immunoassay applied to wheat. Food Addit Contam 12:387–393
Schneider E, Curtui V, Seidler C, Dietrich R, Usleber E, Märtlbauer E (2004) Rapid methods for deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes. Toxicol Lett 153:113–121
Schnerr H, Vogel RF, Niessen L (2002) A biosensor-based immunoassay for rapid screening of deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat. Food Agric Immunol 14:313–321
Schollenberger M, Muller HM, Rufle M, Suchy S, Plack S, Drochner W (2006) Natural occurrence of 16 Fusarium toxins in grains and feedstuffs of plant origin from Germany. Mycopathologia 161:43–52
Scott PM, Kanhare RS, Lau PY (1981) Gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat and other grains. J AOAC Int 64:1364
Sewram V, Nieuwoudt TW, Marasas WFO, Shephard GS, Ritieni A (1999) Determination of the mycotoxin moniliformin in cultures of Fusarium subglutinans and in naturally contaminated maize by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 848:185–191
Shephard GS, Thiel PG, Stockenstrom S, Sydenham EW (1996) Worldwide survey of fumonisin contamination of corn and corn-based products. J AOAC Int 79:671–687
Shim W-B, Yang Z-Y, Kim J-S, Kim J-Y, Kang S-J, Woo G-J, Chung Y-C, Eremin SA, Chung D-H (2007) Development of immunochromatography strip-test using nanocolloidal gold antibody probe for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in grain and feed samples. J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:1629–1637
Shumacher R, Krska R (2001) International interlaboratory study for the determination of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxinivalenol in agricultural commodities. Food Addit Contam 18:417–430
Silva CMG, Vargas EA (2001) A survey of zearalenone in corn using Romer Mycosep 224 column and high performance liquid chromatography. Food Addit Contam 18:39–45
Songsermsakul P, Sontag G, Cichna-Markl M (2006) Determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, plasma and faeces of horses by HPLC-APCI-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 843:252–261
Springer JP, Clardy J, Cole RJ, Kirksey JW, Hill RK, Carlson RM, Isidor JL (1974) Structure and synthesis of moniliformin, a novel cyclobutane microbial toxin. J Am Chem Soc 96:2267–2269
Stroka J, Derbyshire M, Mischke C, Ambrosio M, Kroeger K, Arranz I, Sizoo E, Van Egmond H (2006) Liquid chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in baby food and animal feed: interlaboratory study. J AOAC Int 89:1012–1020
Sudakin DL (2003) Trichothecenes in the environment: relevance to human health. Toxicol Lett 143:97–107
Sulyok M, Berthiller F, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2006) Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 39 mycotoxins in wheat and maize. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:2649–2659
Sutikno A, Abouzied MM, Azcona-Olivera JI, Hart LP, Pestka J (1996) Detection of fumonisins in Fusarium cultures, corn and corn products by polyclonal antibody-based ELISA: relation to fumonisin B1 detection by liquid chromatography. J Food Protect 59:645–651
Suzuki T, Munakata Y, Morita K, Shinoda T, Ueda H (2007) Sensitive detection of estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone by open sandwich immunoassay. Anal Sci 23:65–70
Sydenham EW, Gelderblom WCA, Thiel PG, Marasas WFO (1990) Evidence for the natural occurrence of fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, in corn. J Agric Food Chem 38:285–290
Sydenham EW, Thiel PG, Vleggaar R (1996) Physicochemical data for some selected Fusarium toxins. J AOAC Int 79:1365–1379
Tanaka T, Hasegawa A, Yamamoto S, Lee US, Sugiura Y, Ueno Y (1988) Worldwide contamination of cereals by the Fusarium mycotoxins, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone. Survey of 19 countries. J Agric Food Chem 36:979–983
Tanaka T, Teshima R, Ikebuchi H, Sawada J, Ichinoe M (1995) Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the mycotoxin zearalenone in barley and job’s-tears. J Agric Food Chem 43:946–950
Tanaka T, Yoneda A, Inoue S, Dugiura Y, Ueno Y (2000) Simultaneous determination of trichothecene mycotoxins and zearalenone in cereals by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 882:23–28
Tanaka H, Takino M, Sugita-Konishi Y, Tanaka T (2006) Development of a liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of trichothecenes, zearalenone and aflatoxins in foodstuffs. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:1422–1428
Tatsuno T, Saito M, Enomoto M, Tsunoda H (1968) Nivalenol, a toxic principle of Fusarium nivale. Chem Phann Bull 16:2519–2520
Theumer MG, López AG, Aoki MP, Cánepa MC, Rubinstein HR (2008) Subchronic mycotoxicoses in rats. Histopathological changes and modulation of the sphinganine to sphingosine (Sa:So) ratio imbalance induced by Fusarium verticillioides culture material, due to the coexistence of aflatoxin B1 in the diet. Food Chem Toxicol 3:967–977
Thongrussamee T, Kuzmina NS, Shim WB, Jiratpong T, Eremin SA, Intrasook J, Chung DH (2008) Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of zearalenone in cereals. Food Addit Contam 25:997–1006
Tölgyesi A, Kunsági Z (2012) Quantification of T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins in cereals by liquid chromatography-multimode ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 106:300–306
Trebstein A, Seefelder W, Lauber U, Humpf HU (2008) Determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals including oats after immunoaffinity cleanup by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Agric Food Chem 56:4968–4975
Tudos AJ, Lucas-van den Bos ER, Stigter EC (2003) Rapid surface plasmon resonance-based inhibition assay of deoxynivalenol. J Agric Food Chem 51:5843–5848
Urraca JL, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC (2004) Analysis of zearalenone and R-zearalenol in cereal and swine feed using solvent accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 524:175–183
Urraca JL, Benito-Peña E, Perez-Conde C, Moreno-Bondi MC, Pestka JJ (2005) Analysis of zearalenone in cereal and swine feed samples using an automated flow-through immunosensor. J Agric Food Chem 53:3338–3344
Urraca JL, Marazuela MD, Merino ER, Orellana G, Moreno-Bondi MC (2006) Molecularly imprinted polymers with a streamlined mimic for zearalenone analysis. J Chromatogr A 1116:127–134
Van der Gaag B, Spath S, Dietrich H, Stigter E, Boonzaaijer G, Van Osenbruggen T, Koopal K (2003) Biosensors and multiple mycotoxin analysis. Food Control 14:251–254
Vega M, Castillo D (2006) Determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat by validated GC/ECD method: comparison with HPTLC/FLD. Electron J Food Plants Chem 1:16–20
Visconti A, Lattanzio VMT, Pascale M, Haidukowski M (2005) Analysis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal grains by immunoaffinity clean-up and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1075:151–158
Vishwanath V, Sulyok M, Labuda R, Bicker W, Krska R (2009) Simultaneous determination of 186 fungal and bacterial metabolites in indoor matrices by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 395:1355–1372
Wagacha JM, Muthomi JW (2008) Mycotoxin problem in Africa: current status, implications to food safety and health and possible management strategies. Int J Food Microbiol 124:1–12
Wang S, Quan Y, Lee N, Kennedy IR (2006) Rapid determination of fumonisin B1 in food samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold immunoassay. J Agric Food Chem 54:2491–2495
Wang S, Du XY, Lin L, Huang Y, Wang Z (2008) Zearalenone detection by a single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:1681–1685
Weiss R, Freudenschuss M, Krska R, Mizaikoff B (2003) Improving the analysis of mycotoxins in beverages. Molecularly imprinted polymers for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Food Addit Contam 20:386–395
Wilkes JG, Sutherland JB (1998) Sample preparation and high-resolution separation of mycotoxins possessing carboxyl groups. J Chromatogr B 717:135–156
Zacco E, Pividori MI, Alegret S, Galve R, Marco MP (2006) Electrochemical biosensing of pesticide residues based on affinity biocomposite platforms. Anal Chem 78:1780–1788
Zachariasova M, Lacina O, Malachova A, Kostelanska M, Poustka J, Godula M, Hajslova J (2010) Novel approaches in analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals employing ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 662:51–61
Zinedine A, Soriano JM, Moltò JC, Manes J (2007) Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulation and intake of zearalenone: an oestrogenic mycotoxin. Food Chem Toxicol 45:1–18
Zöllner P, Leitner A, Jodlbauer J, Mayer BX, Linder W (1999) Improving LC–MS/MS analyses in complex food matrices, part II-Mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 858:167–174
Zougagh M, Ríos Á (2008) Supercritical fluid extraction as an on-line clean-up technique for determination of riboflavin vitamins in food samples by capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. Electrophoresis 29:3213–3219
Zougahg M, Téllez H, Sánchez A, Chicharro M, Ríos A (2008) Validation of a screening method for rapid control of macrocyclic lactone mycotoxins in maize flour samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 391:709–714
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Astoreca, A.L., Magliano, T.M.A., Ortega, L.M. (2013). Fusarium Mycotoxins. An Overview of Chemical Characterization and Techniques for its Determination from Agricultural Products. In: Alconada Magliano, T., Chulze, S. (eds) Fusarium Head Blight in Latin America. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7091-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7091-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7090-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7091-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)