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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): An Evolving Therapeutic Technique in Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

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Head & Neck Cancer: Current Perspectives, Advances, and Challenges

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique used in the treatment of many cancers, including head and neck cancers. PDT is a two-step process: the patient is first given a drug (“photosensitizing agent”) that preferentially accumulates in the tumor. Light is then applied to the treatment site in order to active the drug, in turn leading to tumor destruction. A number of photosensitizing agents and light sources are used clinically for treating head and neck cancers. The PDT technique has been shown to be effective for treating premalignant lesions, early stage malignant tumors, and secondary or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, as well as for aesthetic and cosmetic purposes. Additionally, a number of different head and neck tumor subtypes (larynx, oral cavity, neck, pharynx, etc.) have been successfully treated with PDT. This chapter serves to provide a general background of the PDT technique and discusses how PDT is currently used clinically to treat head and neck cancers. The future prospects of PDT in the treatment of head and neck cancers will also be discussed.

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Abbreviations

5-ALA:

5-Aminolevulinic acid

Chlorin e6-PVP:

1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-4-ethyl-2-vinyl-klorin-6-carbonic-acetic-7-propion acid sodium-vapor salt

Cis:

Carcinoma in situ

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

EU:

European Union

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

H&N:

Head and neck

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HpD:

Hematoporphyrin derivative

HPPH:

2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a

InGaAlP:

Indium-Gallium-Aluminum-Phosphide

IPDT:

Interstitial photodynamic therapy

IPL:

Intense pulsed light

KTP:

Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate

LEDs:

Light emitting diodes

MAL:

Methyl ester-aminolevulinate

mTHPC:

m-Tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin

O2 •- :

Superoxide anion radical

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

3O2 :

Triplet ground state molecular oxygen

OH• :

Hydroxyl radical

PDT:

Photodynamic Therapy

PPIX:

Protoporphyrin IX

PS:

Photosensitizer

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S0 :

Ground state

S1 :

Excited ground state

T1 :

Excited triplet state

TNM:

Tumor, Node, Metastases

UV:

Ultraviolet

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  1. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Benjamin J. Vesper PhD, MBA & Michael D. Colvard DDS, MS

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  1. Benjamin J. Vesper PhD, MBA
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  2. Michael D. Colvard DDS, MS
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Correspondence to Benjamin J. Vesper PhD, MBA .

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    James A. Radosevich

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Vesper, B.J., Colvard, M.D. (2013). Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): An Evolving Therapeutic Technique in Head and Neck Cancer Treatment. In: Radosevich, J. (eds) Head & Neck Cancer: Current Perspectives, Advances, and Challenges. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5827-8_22

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