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Comparative Genomics of Cochliobolus Phytopathogens

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Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi: Monocot Pathogens

Abstract

Cochliobolus is a young genus, in the class Dothideomycetes, which includes closely related plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungal species. In this review, genome similarities and differences among sequenced Cochliobolus pathogens that cause different diseases on different hosts are detailed. Gene content and genome organization are highly similar within the group and pathogens of the same host are not more similar to each other than those with different hosts. Instead, overarching genetic patterns follow phylogenetic lines. Classical and functional genetic research using Cochliobolus species has identified genes for secondary metabolism, management of iron and oxidative stress, and signaling as being involved in virulence. The genomic inventories and phylogenetic contexts of these genes, as well as of genes encoding protein effectors and cytochrome P450s, are compared across the genus, providing new insights into the evolution of host-specific virulence. Categorization of genes for secondary metabolism, according to distribution throughout the genus, is particularly revealing with unique genes tending to encode enzymes that biosynthesize metabolites involved in virulence. Additionally, genomic analysis identified many genes that encode unique small, secreted proteins, which could act as effectors in the plant host. Finally, new avenues for research paved by genomic analysis are highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Igor Grigoriev and colleagues at the JGI for sequencing the genomes and for their consistent interest in Cochliobolus and the Dothideomycete class this fascinating genus belongs to. Work in our labs including some unpublished data shown here was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (BGT), the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (BH, BGT), the National Science Foundation (BGT), and the Slovenian Research Agency (NK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Bldg., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Bradford J. Condon, Dongliang Wu & B. Gillian Turgeon

  2. National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nada Kraševec

  3. Department of Biology, Technion, 32000, Haifa, Israel

    Benjamin A. Horwitz

Authors
  1. Bradford J. Condon
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  2. Dongliang Wu
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  3. Nada Kraševec
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  4. Benjamin A. Horwitz
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  5. B. Gillian Turgeon
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Gillian Turgeon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dep Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University Center for Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Ralph A. Dean

  2. United States Department of Agriculture Nat Inst Food and Agriculture, Washington, Washington, USA

    Ann Lichens-Park

  3. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Condon, B.J., Wu, D., Kraševec, N., Horwitz, B.A., Turgeon, B.G. (2014). Comparative Genomics of Cochliobolus Phytopathogens. In: Dean, R., Lichens-Park, A., Kole, C. (eds) Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi: Monocot Pathogens. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44053-7_2

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