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Biodegradation by White-Rot Fungi

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Industrial Applications

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 10))

Abstract

White-rot basidiomycete fungi selectively decay lignin in plant tissues. They are the only organisms known which are able to extensively mineralise lignin to carbon dioxide and water. This ability is unusual because lignin is a particularly complex aromatic macromolecule intrinsically resistant to enzymatic and hydrolytic attack. In its native state, lignin provides accessory strengthening to the more regular glucose polymers cellulose and hemicellulose that comprise the bulk of wood and prevents ready access by hydrolytic enzymes targeting wood polysaccharides. It has become evident over the last two decades that ligninolytic enzyme systems expressed by white-rot fungi are extracellular, relatively non-specific and involve the generation of a suite of powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidants. These enzyme systems have been shown to transform a large variety of chemicals that are, like lignin, relatively long-lived in the environment by virtue of their high molecular weight, insolubility, chemical irreg- ularity, thermodynamic stability or recent origin precluding the evolution of specific microbial decay mechanisms.

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  1. Food and Wine Science, Regency Institute of Technical and Further Education, Days Road, Regency Park, SA, 5010, Australia

    J. P. Ralph

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia

    D. E. A. Catcheside

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  1. Botanisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, 60439, Frankfurt, Germany

    Heinz D. Osiewacz

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Ralph, J.P., Catcheside, D.E.A. (2002). Biodegradation by White-Rot Fungi. In: Osiewacz, H.D. (eds) Industrial Applications. The Mycota, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10378-4_15

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