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The Biogeochemical and Ecological Significance of Interactions between Colloidal Minerals and Trace Elements

  • Chapter
Environmental Interactions of Clays

Abstract

Heavy metals and metalloids have critically important biological effects, both beneficial and harmful. In trace quantities, many of these elements function as micronutrients, and certain ones (e.g. Cu and Zn) are essential to all living things; but they are poisonous when their concentrations in the environment or in organisms are too high, and some of the more toxic ones (e.g. Hg and Pb) are not known to perform any essential biochemical functions (Bowen 1966; Kieffer 1991). The most toxic elements are injurious or lethal to sensitive organisms even at very low ambient levels; for instance, an aqueous Cu2+ concentration as low as 0.01 μg/ml may kill green algae (Bowen 1966). Organisms accumulate heavy metals and metalloids from their surroundings to a greater or lesser extent (Bowen 1966) and may acquire undesirably high levels of such elements as a result of pollution or other conditions conducive to bio-accumulation (Hg in aquatic ecosystems being a particularly notorious example).

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Jackson, T.A. (1998). The Biogeochemical and Ecological Significance of Interactions between Colloidal Minerals and Trace Elements. In: Parker, A., Rae, J.E. (eds) Environmental Interactions of Clays. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03651-8_5

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