Abstract
It has been known for decades that stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the heart (von Bezold, 1863; Gaskell, 1884), injection of suprarenal extracts (Oliver and Schäfer, 1895) or addition of adrenaline (Elliott, 1905) increase the force of contraction of the heart and the heart rate. These changes are now generally accepted to be primarily due to stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-adrenoceptors). However, recent evidence suggests that α-adrenoceptors are also present in the myocardium and that positive inotropic effects may be produced by stimulation of these receptors.
Im Hals-Sympathicus des Kaninchens verlaufen Fasern, deren Thätigkeit auf directem Wege eine Vergrößerung der Herzthätigkeit erzeugt… Diese Vergrößerung der Herzthätigkeit äussert sich im Allgemeinen in der Vermehrung und Verstärkung der Herzcontractionen, in vielen Fällen in einer blossen Verstärkung der an sich schon häufigen Herzschläge.
Albert Von Bezold (1863)
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Abbreviations
- c-AMP:
-
cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate
- DB-c-AMP:
-
N6-2’- O-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate
- MB-c-AMP:
-
N6-monobutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate
- c-GMP:
-
cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate
- PDE:
-
phosphodiesterase
- [Ca]o [Na]o [K]o :
-
extracellular calcium, sodium, potassium ion concentration
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Scholz, H. (1980). Effects of Beta- and Alpha-Adrenoceptor Activators and Adrenergic Transmitter Releasing Agents on the Mechanical Activity of the Heart. In: Szekeres, L. (eds) Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 54 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67505-8_18
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