Skip to main content

Plant Membranes

  • Chapter
Transport in Plants III

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 3))

Abstract

Within the past few years studies of the morphology and function of membranes have increased almost exponentially. Books and reviews discussing the biochemistry of membranes, the biochemical and biophysical properties of cell surfaces, the molecular organization of membranes, the organization of energy transducing membranes, membrane molecular biology, etc. have appeared with an increasing frequency that almost overwhelms the serious student of membrane structure and function. Although our understanding of the intricate details of the similarities and differences in structure and function among the various cellular membranes has not advanced as rapidly as the wealth of publications would lead one to believe, still a tremendous activity in the field is indicated, and rapid advances in our understanding of membranes are being made.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agutter, P.S.: The isolation of envelopes of rat liver nuclei. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255, 397–401 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N.G., Harris, W.W., Barber, A.A., Rankin, C.T., Jr., Candler, E.L.: Separation of subcellular components and viruses by combined rate- and isopycnic zonal centrifugation. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph 21, 253–269 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appelmans, F., Wattiaux, R., de Duve, C.: Tissue fraction studies. 5. The association of acid phosphatase with a special class of cytoplasmic granules in rat liver. Biochem. J. 59, 438–445 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon, D.I.: Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24, 1–15 (1949)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arntzen, C.J., Dilley, R.A., Crane, F.L.: A comparison of chloroplast membrane surfaces visualized by freeze-etch and negative staining techniques; and ultrastructural characterization of membrane fractions from digitonin-treated spinach chloroplasts. J. Cell Biol. 43, 16–31 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avrameas, S.: Immunoenzyme techniques: Enzymes as markers for the localization of antigens and antibodies. Intern. Rev. Cytol. 27, 349–385 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandlow, W.: Membrane separation and biogenesis of the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 282, 105–122 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baudhuin, P.: Morphometry of subcellular fractions. Methods Enzymol. 32, 3–20 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baudhuin, P., Evarard, P., Berthet, J.: Electron microscopic examination of subcellular fractions I. The preparation of representative samples from suspensions of particles. J. Cell Biol. 32, 181–191 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, A.A.: Plant membrane lipids. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 15, 1–16 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, A.A., Strickland, E.H.: Plant phospholipids III. Identification of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 41, 328–333 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berezney, R., Funk, L.K., Crane, F.L.: The isolation of nuclear membrane from a large-scale preparation of bovine liver nuclei. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 203, 531–546 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berezney, R., Macaulay, L.K., Crane, F.L.: The purification and biochemical characterization of bovine liver nuclear membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 5549–5561 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bieglmayer, C., Ruis, H.: Cytochemical localization of catalase activity in glyoxysomes from castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiol. 53, 276–278 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, P.V., Oda, T., Green, D.E., Fernández-Moran, H.: Studies on the electron transfer system. LIV. Isolation of the unit of electron transfer. Biochemistry 2, 756–764 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blobel, G., Potter, V.R.: Nuclei from rat liver: Isolation method that combines purity with high yield. Science 154, 1662–1665 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blondin, G.A.: Isolation, properties, and structural features of divalent cation ionophores derived from beef heart mitochondria. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 98–111 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogorad, L.: Control mechanisms in plastid development. I. The role of cytoplasmic units. Develop. Biol., Suppl. 1, 1–31 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boos, W.: Bacterial transport. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 123–146 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouck, G.B.: Extracellular microtubules. The origin, structure and attachment of flagellar hairs in Fucus and Ascophyllum antherozoids. J. Cell Biol. 40, 446–460 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouck, G.B.: Architecture and assembly of mastigonemes. Adv. Cell Mol. Biol. 2, 237–271 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boulter, D., Ellis, R.J., Yarwood, A.: Biochemistry of protein synthesis in plants. Biol. Rev. 47, 113–175 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boulton, A.A.: Some observations on the chemistry and morphology of the membranes released from yeast protoplasts by osmotic shock. Exptl. Cell Res. 37, 343–359 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branton, D.: Membrane structure. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20, 209–238 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branton, D., Moor, D.: Fine structure in freeze-etched Allium cepa L. root tips. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 11, 401–411 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branton, D., Park, R.B.: Subunits in chloroplast lamellae. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19, 283–303 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breidenbach, R.W., KAHN, A., BEEVERS, H.: Characterization of glyoxysomes from castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiol. 43, 705–713 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretscher, M.S.: Membrane structure: Some general principles. Science 181, 622–629 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burr, B., Burr, F.A.: Zein synthesis in maize endosperm by polyribosomes attached to protein bodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 73, 515–519 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, J., Santillan, G., Blasie, J.K.: Molecular motion in membranes as indicated by X-ray diffraction. In: Membrane Research. Fox, C.F. (ed.), 1st ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Biol., 1972, pp. 3–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassady, W.E., Wagner, R.P.: Separation of mitochondrial membranes of Neurospora crassa. I. Localization of l-hynurenine-3-hydroxylase. J. Cell Biol. 49, 536–541 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chappell, J.B.: Systems used for the transport of substrates into mitochondria. Brit. Med. Bull. 24, 150–157 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Lin, C., Chang, H., Guilfoyle, T.H., Key, J.L.: Isolation and properties of nuclei from control and auxin-treated soybean hypocotyl. Plant Physiol. 56, 78–82 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, A.K., Fawcett, D.W.: The normal fine structure of opossum testicular interstitial cell. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 9, 653–670 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cloules, G.L., Bjorklund, R.F.: Evidence of beta structure in mycoplasma membranes: circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion and infrared studies. Biophys. Soc. Abstr. (1970), p. 47a

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, B.J., Wellburn, A.R.: Changes in the envelope permeability of developing chloroplasts. J. Exptl. Botany 25, 36–49 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, N.S.: Elements of cytology, 2nd ed. New York-Chicago-San Francisco-Atlanta: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc. 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Colbeau, A., Nachbaur, J., Vignais, P.M.: Enzymic characterization and lipid composition of rat liver subcellular membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249, 462–492 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R., Finean, J.B.: Preparation and properties of isolated plasma membranes from guinea-pig tissues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 125, 197–206 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, L.C.: Conformation studies with polypeptides by rotatory dispersion and thin-film analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 61, 152–159 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • d’Alessio, G., Trim, A.R.: A method for the isolation of nuclei from leaves. J. Exptl. Botany 19, 831–839 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danielli, J.F.: The bilayer hypothesis of membrane structure. In: Cell Membranes. Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Pathology. Weissman, C., Claiborne, R. (eds.), pp. 3–11. New York: H.P. Publishing Co. 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Danielli, J.F., Davson, H.: A contribution to the theory of permeability of thin films. J. Cell. Physiol. 5, 495–508 (1935)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dauwalder, M., Whaley, W.G., Kephart, J.E.: Phosphatases and differentiation of the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Sci. 4, 455–497 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deamer, D.W., Branton, D.: Fracture planes in an ice-bilayer model membrane system. Science 158, 655–657 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, R.P., Tolbert, N.E., Schnarrenberger, C.: A comparison of microbody membranes with microsomes and mitochondria from plant and animal tissue. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 152, 199–215 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douce, R., Benson, A.A.: Isolation, purification and properties of the envelope of spinach chloroplasts. Separata de Portugaliae Acta Biol. A 14, 45–64 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douce, R., Holtz, R.B., Benson, A.A.: Isolation and properties of the envelope of spinach chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7215–7222 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupraw, E.J.: The organization of nuclei and chromosomes in honeybee embryonic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 53, 161–168 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edidin, M.: Aspects of plasma membrane fluidity. In: 1st ICN-UDLA Symp. Membrane Biol. Membrane Res. Fox, C.F. (ed.), pp. 15–25 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmelot, P., Bos, C.J., Benedetti, E.L., Rümke, P.H.: Studies on plasma membranes. I. Chemical composition and enzyme content of plasma membranes isolated from rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 90, 126–145 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, E.: Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives, p. 412. New York: John Wiley and Sons 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernster, L., Kuylenstierna, B.: Structure, composition and function of mitochondrial membranes. FEBS Symp. 17, 5–31 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernster, L., Kuylenstierna, B.: Outer membrane of mitochondria. IN: Membranes of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Racker, E. (ed.), pp. 172–212. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairbanks, G., Steck, T.L., Wallach, D.F.H.: Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemistry 10, 2606–2617 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett, D.W.: The membranes of the cytoplasm. Lab. Invest. 10, 1162–1188 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldherr, C.M.: Binding within the nuclear annuli and its possible effect on nucleocytoplasmic exchanges. J. Cell Biol. 20, 188–192 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldherr, C.M.: Structure and function of the nuclear envelope. In: Advances in Cell Molecular Biology. DUPRAW, E.J. (ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 274–307. New York: Academic Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernändez-Moran, H.: Cell-membrane ultrastructure. Low-temperature electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of lipoprotein components in lamellar systems. Circulation 26, 1039–1065 (1962)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernändez-Moran, H.: Subunit organization of mitochondrial membranes. Science 140, 381 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernändez-Moran, H., Oda, T., Blair, P.V., Green, D.E.: A macromolecular repeating unit of mitochondrial structure and function. J. Cell Biol. 22, 63–100 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finean, J.B.: Chemical ultrastructure in living tissues. Springfield, Illinois: Ch. Thomas (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, S., Packer, L.: Biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 31A, (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W.W., Deumling, B., Ermen, B., Jarasch, E.-D., Kleinig, H.J.: Nuclear membranes from mammalian liver I. Isolation procedure and general characterization. J. Cell Biol. 46, 379–395 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W.W., Scheer, V.: Structure and functions of the nuclear envelope. In: The Cell Nucleus. Busch, H. (ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 220–348. New York-London: Academic Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey-Wyssling, A., Grieshaber, E., Mühlethaler, K.: Origin of spherosomes in plant cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 8, 506–516 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey-Wyssling, A., Steinmann, E.: Fine structure analysis of chloroplasts. Naturf. Ges. Zurich, Vjhschr. 98, 20–29 (1953) as translated by D. Branton, In: Papers on Biological Membrane Structure. Branton, D., Park, R. (eds.), p. 311. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1968

    Google Scholar 

  • Frye, L.D., Edidin, M.: The rapid intermixing of cell surface antigens after formation of mouse-human heterokaryons. J. Cell Sci. 7, 319–335 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhrmann, G.F., Wehrli, E., Boehm, C.: Preparation and identification of yeast plasma membrane vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 363, 295–310 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galliard, T.: Enzymic de,acylation of lipids in plants. The effects of free fatty acids on the hydrolysis of phospholipids by lipolytic acyl hydrolase of potato tubers. Eur. J. Biochem. 21, 90–98 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gimmler, H., Schäfer, G., Kraminer, A., Heber, U.: Amino acid permeability of the chloroplast envelope as measured by light scattering, volumetry and amino acid uptake. Planta 120, 47–61 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golfischer, S., Essner, E., Novikoff, A.B.: The localization of phosphatase activities at the level of ultrastructure. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 12, 72–95 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorter, E., Grendel, F.: On biomolecular layers of lipoids on the chromocytes of the blood. J. Exptl. Med. 41, 433–439 (1925)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D.E.: Membrane Structure and Its Biological Applications. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (1972) 195 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D.E., Perdue, J.F.: Correlation of mitochondrial structure and function. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 137, 667–684 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D.G.: Role of ionophores in energy coupling. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 61–82 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunning, B.E.S.: The greening process in plastids. I. The structure of the prolamellar body. Protoplasma 60, 111–130 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, W.M., Spurr, A.R.: Chromoplasts of tomato fruits. II. The red’1 tomato. Am. J. Botany 56, 380–389 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, H., Murakami, S.: Dual character of lipid composition of the envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 16, 895–902 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heber, U., Pon, N.G., Heber, M.: Localization of carboxydismutase and triosephosphate dehydrogenases in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 38, 355–360 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heldt, H.W.: Adenine nucleotide translocation in spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 5, 11–14 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heldt, H.W., Rapley, L.: Unspecific permeation and specific uptake of substances in spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 7, 139–172 (1970 a)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heldt, H.W., Rapley, L.: Specific transport of inorganic phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetonephosphate, and of dicarboxylates across the inner membrane of spinach chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 10, 143–148 (1970b)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heldt, H.W., Sauer, F., Rapley, L.: Differentiation of the permeability properties of the two membranes of the chloroplast envelope. In: Proc. 2nd. Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res. Forti, G., Avron, M., Melandri, A. p. 1345–1355. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Helender, H.F.: Ultrastructure of secreting cells in the pyloric gland area of the mouse gastric mucosa. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 10, 145–159 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendler, R.W.: Biological membrane structure. Physiol. Rev. 51, 66–97 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heppel, L.A.: The concept of periplasmic enzymes. Structure and Function of Biological Membranes. ROTHFIELD, L.I. (ed.), pp. 234–247. New York: Academic Press 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, T.K., Leonard, R.T.: Purification of plasma membrane-bound adenosine triphosphate from plant roots. Methods Enzymol. 32, 392–406 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, T.K., Leonard, R.T., Bracker, C.E., Keenan, T.W.: Purification of an ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from plant roots: associated with plasma membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 69, 3307–3311 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtz, R.B., Stewart, P.S., Patton, S., Schisler, L.C.: Isolation and characterization of membranes from the cultivated mushroom. Plant Physiol. 50, 541–546 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, G.: Ultraviolet spectroscopy of biological membranes. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.C. (eds.), pp. 228–286. Stamford, Conn: Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, A.F.: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on phospholipids and membranes. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.C. (eds.), pp. 164–191. Stamford, Conn.: Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A.H.C.: Comparative studies of glyoxysomes from various fatty seedlings. Plant Physiol. 55, 870–874 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbell, W.L., Mcconnell, H.M.: Molecular motion in spin-labeled phospholipids and membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 314 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikuma, H.: Electron transport in plant respiration. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 23, 419–436 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadenbach, B.: Biosynthesis of mitochondrial enzymes. FEBS Symp. 17, 179–188 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagawa, Y., Racker, E.: Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation. X. Correlation of morphology and function in submitochondrial particles. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 2475–2482 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kashning, D.M., Kasper, C.B.: Isolation, morphology, and composition of the nuclear membrane from rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3786–3792 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasper, C.B.: Chemical and biochemical properties of the nuclear envelope. In: The Cell Nucleus. Busch, H. (ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 349–384. New York-London: Academic Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellems, R.E., Allison, V.F., Butow, R.A.: Cytoplasmic type 80S ribosomes associated with yeast mitochondria IV. Attachment of ribosomes to the outer membrane of isolated mitochondria. J. Cell Biol. 65, 1–14 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellems, R.E., Butow, R.A.: Cytoplasmic-type 80S ribosomes associated with yeast mitochondria I. Evidence for ribosome binding sites on yeast mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 8043–8050 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieth, A.D., Mehlhorn, R.J.: Membrane lipid structure as revealed by X-ray diffraction. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.C. (eds.), pp. 117–122. Stamford, Conn: Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J.T.O., Tilney-Bassett, R.A.E.: The Plastids. 608 p. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co. 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinig, H.: Nuclear membranes from mammalian liver II. Lipid composition. J. Cell Biol. 46, 396–402 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, E.D.: II. Synthesis of bis(methyl 9, 10-dihydroxystearate) osmate from methyl oleate and osmium tetroxide under conditions used for fixation of biological material. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 116, 317–324 (1966a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, E.D.: III. Modification of oleic acid during fixation of amoebae by osmium tetroxide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 116, 325–335 (1966b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, E.D.: A chromatographic and spectrophotometric study of the products of the reaction of osmium tetroxide with unsaturated lipids. J. Cell Biol. 34, 627–638 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korn, E.D.: Current concepts of membrane structure and function. Fed. Proc. 28, 6–11 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, W.: Strukturuntersuchungen an Piastiden. IV. Ãœber das zweidimensionale Gitter in der Proteinlamelle. Z. Naturforsch. 18b, 567–571 (1963 a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, W.: Strukturuntersuchungen an Piastiden. V. Bestimmung der Elektronendichte- Verteilung längs der Flächennormalen im Thylalkoid der Chloroplasten. Z. Naturforsch. 18b, 1098–1104 (1963b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, W.: Strukturuntersuchungen an Piastiden. VI. Ãœber die Struktur der Lipoprotein-lamellen in Chloroplasten lebender Zellen. Z. Naturforsch. 19b, 441–446 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, W.: The structure of the lamellar system of chloroplasts. IN: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts. Goodwin, T.W. (ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 83–88. New York: Academic Press 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutz, W., Menke, W.: Strukturuntersuchungen an Piastiden. III. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an isolierten Chloroplasten und Chloroplasten lebender Zellen. Z. Naturforsch. 17b, 675–683 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Laetsch, W.M.: Chloroplast specialization in dicotyledons possessing the C4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthetic C02 fixation. Am. J. Botany 55, 875–883 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laetsch, W.M.: Relationship between chloroplast structure and photosynthetic carbon fixation pathways. Sci. Progr. Oxf. 57, 323–351 (1969a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laetsch, W.M.: Specialized chloroplast structure of plants exhibiting the dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. In: Progress in Photosynthetic Research. Metzner, H. (ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 36–46. Tübingen: Intern. Union Biol. Sci. 1969b

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampen, J.O.: Movement of extracellular enzymes across cell membranes. Symp. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 27, 351–374 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lardy, H.A., Ferguson, S.M.: Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Ann. Rev. Bio-chem. 38, 991–1034 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law, J.H., Snyder, W.R.: Membrane lipids. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.D. (eds.), pp. 3–26. Stamford, Conn: Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledbetter, M.C., Porter, K.R.: Introduction to the fine structure of plant cells. New York-Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Leduc, E.N., Avrameas, S., Bouteille, M.: Ultrastructural localization of antibody in differentiating plasma cells. J. Exptl. Med. 127, 109–118 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leduc, E.H., Scott, G.B., Avrameas, S.: Ultrastructural localization of intracellular immune globulins in plasma cells and lymphoblasts by enzymelabeled antibodies. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17, 211–224 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leigh, R.A., Williamson, F.A., Wyn Jones, R.G.: Presence of two different membrane-bound, KCl-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities in maize roots. Plant Physiol. 55, 678–685 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lembi, C.A., Morre, D.J., St.Thomson, K., Hertel, H.: N-L-Naphylphthalomic acid-binding activity of a plasma membrane-rich fraction from maize coleoptiles. Planta 99, 37–45 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenard, J., Singer, S.J.: Protein conformation in cell membrane preparations as studied by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 56, 1828– 1835 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, R.T., van der Woude, W.J.: Isolation of plasma membranes form corn roots by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. An anomalous effect of ficoll. Plant Physiol. 57, 105–114 (1976)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, W.R., Kanno, Y.: Some electrical properties of a nuclear membrane examined with a microelectrode. J. Gen. Physiol. 46, 1123–1140 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, W.R., Kanno, Y., Ito, S.: Permeability of nuclear membranes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 137, 708–716 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longley, R.P., Rose, A.H., Knights, B.A.: Composition of the protoplast membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem. J. 108, 401–412 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis, W.D.: Overcoming problems of phenolics and quinones in the isolation of plant enzymes and organelles. Methods Enzymol. 31A, 528–544 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loud, A.V.: A method for the quantitative estimation of cytoplasmic structures. J. Cell Biol. 15, 481–487 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackender, R.O., Leech, R.M.: The isolation of chloroplast envelope membranes. Nature 228, 1347–1349 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackender, R.O., Leech, R.M.: The isolation and characterization of plastid envelope membranes. In: Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res. Forti, G., Avron, M., Melandri, A., Vol. 2, pp. 1431–1440. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackender, R.O., Leech, R.M.: The galactolipid, phospholipid, and fatty acid composition of the chloroplast envelope membranes of Vicia faba L. Plant Physiol. 53, 496–502 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchesi, V.T., Segrest, J.P., Kahane, I.: Molecular features of human erythrocyte glycophorin. In: Membrane Research. Fox, C.F. (ed.), pp. 41–51. 1st ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Biol. New York: Academic Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas, J.P., Berman-Kurtz, M., Kulikowski, R.R.: Isolation of plant nuclei. Methods Enzymol. 31, 558–565 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matile, PH.: Properties of the purified cytoplasmic membrane of yeast. In: Membrane Structure and Function. Villanueva, J.R., Ponz, F. (eds.). FEBS Symp. 20, 39–49 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, R.E., Douce, R., Benson, A.A.: The acyl lipids of highly purified plant mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 316, 266–270 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, H.M., Devaux, P., Scandella, C.: Lateral diffusion and phase separation in biological membranes. In: Membrane Research. 1st ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Biol. Fox, C.F. (ed.), pp. 27–37. New York: Academic Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Mckeel, D.W., Jarett, L.: Preparation and characterization of a plasma membrane fraction from isolated fat cells. J. Cell Biol. 44, 417–432 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlhorn, R.J., Kieth, A.D.: Spin labeling of biological membranes. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.C. (eds.), pp. 192–227. Stamford, Conn: Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Meunier, D., Mazliak, P.: Compt. Rend. Ser. D 275, 213–216 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meunier, D., Pianeta, C., Coulomb, P.: Obtention de membranes externes et de membranes internes à partir de mitochondries issues du tubercule de pomme de terre (Solarium tuberosum) Compt. Rend. 272, Ser. D 1376–1379 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, H.H.: An intercisternal structure in the Golgi apparatus. J. Cell Biol. 24, 504–511 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monneron, A., Blobel, G., Palade, G.E.: Fraction of the nucleus by divalent cations. J. Cell Biol. 55, 104–125 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moor, H., Muhlethaler, K.: Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J. Cell Biol. 17, 609–628 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreau, F., Dupont, J., Lance, C.: Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of outer and inner membranes of plant mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 345, 294–304 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreau, F., Lance, C.: Isolement et propriétés des membranes externes et internes de mitochondries végétales. Biochimie 54, 1335–1348 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morre, D.J.: Membrane biogenesis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 26, 441–481 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morre, D.J., Keenan, T.W., Mollenhauer, H.H.: Golgi apparatus function in membrane tranformations and product compartmentalization; studies with cell fractions isolated from rat liver. Adv. Cytopharm. 1, 159–182 (1971b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morre, D.J., Mollenhauer, H.H., Bracker, C.E.: Origin and continuity of Golgi apparatus. In: Origin and Continuity of Cell Organelles. Reinert, J., Ursprung, H. (eds.), pp. 82–126. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971a

    Google Scholar 

  • Muhlethaler, K.: The ultrastructure of the plastid lamellae. In: Biochemistry of Chloroplasts. Goodwin, T.W. (ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 49–64. New York: Academic Press 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakao, M., Packer, L.: Organization of Energy-Transducing Membranes. Tokyo: Univ. Park Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, E.H.: Fine structure of protein-storing plastids in bean root tips. J. Cell Biol. 33, 143–163 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, E.H., Becker, W.M.: The diversity of plant organelles with special reference to the electron cytochemical localization of catalse in plant microbodies. Methods Enzymol. 31 (part A), 489–500 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson, G.L.: Topological studies on the structure of cell membranes. In: Membrane Research. 1st ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Biol. Fox, C.F. (ed.), 1972, pp. 53–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, P.S., Cheung, Y.-N.S.: Two amino acid carriers in pea chloroplasts. Nature New Biol. 237, 207–208 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, P.S., Wang, C.-T.: Amino acid permeability of pea chloroplasts as measured by osmotically determined reflection coefficients. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 211, 79–87 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Northcote, D.H., Lewis, D.R.: Freeze-etched surfaces of membranes and organelles in the cells of pea root tips. J. Cell Sci. 3, 199–206 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oseroff, A.R., Robbins, P.W., Burger, M.M.: The cell surface membrane: Biochemical aspects and biophysical probes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 42, 646–682 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osterhout, W.J.V.: Ergeb. Physiol. 35, 967 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxender, D.L.: Membrane transport. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 41, 777–814 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oxender, D.L., Quay, S.: Binding proteins and membrane transport. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 358–372 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palade, G.E.: The fine structure of mitochondria. Anat. Ree. 114, 427–452 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palade, G.E.: An electron microscope study of the mitochondrial structure. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1, 188–211 (1953)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palade, G.E.: Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science 189, 347–358 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paolillo, D.J., JR.: The three-dimesional arrangement of intergranal lamellae in chloroplasts. J. Cell Sci. 6, 243–255 (1970)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paolillo, D.J., Jr., Falk, R.H.: The ultrastructure of grana in mesophyll plastids of Zea mays. Am. J. Botany 53, 173–180 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paolillo, D.J., Jr., Mackay, N.C., Reighard, J.A.: The structure of grana in flowering plants. Am. J. Botany 56, 344–347 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paolillo, D.J., Jr., Reighard, J.A.: On the relationship between mature structure and on¬togeny in the grana of chloroplasts. Can. J. Botany 45, 773–782 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardee, A.B.: Membrane transport proteins. Science 162, 632–637 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B.: Advances in photosynthesis. J. Chem. Educ. 39, 424–429 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B.: Freeze etching: A classical view. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195, 262–290 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B., Biggins, J.: Quantasome: Size and composition. Science 144, 1009–1011 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B., Pfeifhofer, A.O.: Ultrastructural observations on deep-etched thylakoids. J. Cell Sci. 5, 299–311 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B., Pon, N.G.: Correlation of structure with function in Spinacea oleracea chloroplasts. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 1–10 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, R.B., Sane, P.V.: Distribution of function and structure in chloroplast lamellae. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 22, 395–430 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, D.F., Williams, G.R., Chance, B.: Characteristics of isolated and purified preparations of the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 135, 2, 643–666 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, D.F., Williams, G.R., Thompson, W., Wilson, D., Chance, B.: Improvement in the procedure for purification of mitochondrial outer and inner membrane. Comparison of the outer membrane with the endoplasmic reticulum. In: Mitochondrial Structure and Compartmentation. Quagliariello, E., Pappa, S., Slater, E.C., Tager, J.T. (eds.), pp. 29–70. Bari: Adriatica Editrice 1967

    Google Scholar 

  • Patni, N.J., Billmire, J.E., Aaronson, S.: Isolation of the Ochromonas danica plasma membrane and identification of several membrane enzymes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 373, 347–355 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pease, D.C.: Histological Techniques for Electron Microscopy. 2nd ed. 381 p. New York: Academic Press 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaff, E., Klingenberg, M., Ritt, E., Vogell, W.: Korrelation Des unspezifisch permeablen mitochondrialen Raumes mit dem Intermembranraum. Eur. J. Biochem. 5, 222–232 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Philipp, E.-L, Franke, W.W., Keenan, T.W., Stadler, J., Jarasch, E.-D.: Characterization of nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum isolated from plant tissue. J. Cell Biol. 68, 11–29 (1976)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierre, J.W. de, Karnovsky, M.L.: Plasma membranes of mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 56, 275–305 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poincelot, R.P.: Isolation and lipid composition of spinach chloroplast envelope membranes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 159, 134–142 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poincelot, R.P.: Transport of metabolites across isolated envelope membranes of spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 55, 849–852 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poincelot, R.P., Day, P.R.: An improved method for the isolation of spinach chloroplast envelope membranes. Plant Physiol. 54, 780–783 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poincelot, R.P., Day, P.R.: Isolation and bicarbonate transport of chloroplast envelope membranes from species of differing net photosynthetic efficiencies. Plant Physiol. 57, 334–338 (1976)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman, B.C.: Induced transport of ions in mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 53, 1076–1083 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressman, B.C.: Energy-linked transport in mitochondria. In: Membranes of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Racker, E. (ed.), pp. 213–250. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Pressman, B.C., de Guzman, N.T.: Biological applications of ionophores: theory and practice. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 373–385 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price, C.A.: Plant cell fractionation. Methods Enzymol. 31A, 501–519 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Racker, E.: Membranes of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts ACS Monograph. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Racker, E., Chance, B., Parsons, D.F.: Correlation of structure and function of submitochondrial units in oxidative phosphorylation. Fed. Proc. 23, 431 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Racker, E., Tyler, D.D., Estabrook, R.W., Connover, T.E., Parsons, D.F., Chance, B.: In: Oxidases and Related Redox Systems. King, T.E., Mason, H.S., Morrison, M., Vol. 2, pp. 1077–1101. New York: John Wiley and Sons 1965

    Google Scholar 

  • Racusen, D., Poincelot, R.P.: Distribution of protein-bound hexoseamine in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 57, 53–54 (1976)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radunz, A.: Antiserum to chlorophyll a and its reactions with chloroplasts. In: Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res. Forti, G., Avron, A., Melandri, A. (eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 1613–1618. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, P.M., Shininger, T.L., Ray, M.M.: Isolation of β-glucan synthetase particles from plant cells and identification with Golgi-membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 64, 605–612 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J.D.: New observations on the ultrastructure of the membranes of frog peripheral nerve fibers. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3, 1043–1047 (1957)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J.D.: The ultrastructure of cell membrane and their derivatives. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 16, 3–43 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J.D.: Granulo-fibrillar and globular substructure in unit membranes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 137, 421–440 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, J.-C, Lembi, C.A., Morré, D.J.: Phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid as a selective electron-dense stain for plasma membranes of plant cells. Stain Technol. 47, 195–200 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosado-Alberio, J., Weier, T.E., Stocking,C.R.: Continuity of the chloroplast membrane systems in Zea mays L. Plant Physiol. 43, 1325–1331 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, S.A., Guidotti, G.: The proteins of the erythrocyte membrane: Structure and arrangement in the membrane. In: Red Cell Membrane: Structure and Function. Jamieson, G.A., Greenwalt, T.J. (eds.), pp. 93–109. Philadelphia: L.B. Lippincott Co. 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothfield, L.I.: Structure and Function of Biological Membranes. 468 p. New York: Academic Press 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruesink, A.W.: The plasma membranes of Avena coleoptile protoplasts. Plant Physiol. 47, 192–195 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabnis, D.D., Gordon, M., Galston, A.W.: Localization of Adenosine triphosphatase activity on the chloroplast envelope in tendrils of Pisum sativum. Plant Physiol. 45, 25–32 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sane, P.V., Goodchild, D.J., Park, R.B.: Characterization of chloroplast photosystems 1 and 2 separated by a non-detergent method. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 216, 162–168 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz, G., Mason, T.L.: The biosynthesis of mitochondrial proteins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 51–87 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiberi, A., Rattray, J.B.M., Kidby, D.K.: Isolation and identification of yeast plasma membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 311, 15–25 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnaitman, C., Greenawalt, J.W.: Enzymatic properties of the inner and outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria. J. Cell Biol. 38, 158–175 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnitka, T.K., Seligman, A.M.: Ultrastructural localization of enzymes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 40, 375–396 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzenbach, A.M.: Observations on spherosomal membranes. Cytobiologie 4, 145–147 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamoo, A.F. (ed.): Carriers and channels in biological systems. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 264 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamoo, A.E., Ryan, T.E.: Isolation of ionophores from ion-transport systems. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 83–96 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shumway, L.K., Weier, T.E.: The chloroplast structure of iojap maize. Am. J. Botany 54, 773–780 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, M.R., Sisler, H.D.: Site of action of cycloheximide in cells of Saccharomyces pastorianus III. Further studies on the mechanism of action and the mechanism of resistance in Saccharomyces species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 103, 558–567 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simoni, R.D.: Macromolecular characterization of bacterial transport systems. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A. (eds.), pp. 289–322. Stamford, Conn: Sinauer Associates Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S.J.: The molecular organization of biological membranes. In: Structure and Function of Biological Membranes. Rothfield, L.I. (ed.), pp. 145–222. New York: Academic Press 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S.J.: A fluid lipid-globular protein mosaic model of membrane structure. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195, 16–23 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S.J.: The molecular organization of membranes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 43, 805–833 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S.J.: Architecture and topography of biology membranes. In: Cell Membranes Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Pathology. Weissmann, G., Claiborne, R. (eds.), pp. 3–11. New York: HP Publishing Co. 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, S.J., Nicolson, G.: The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175, 720–731 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstrand, F.S.: Electron microscopy of mitochondria and cytoplasmic double membranes. Ultrastructure of rod-shaped mitochondria. Nature 171, 30–31 (1953)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstrand, F.S.: Electron microscopy of cellular constituents. Methods Enzymol. 4, 391–422 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstrand, F.S.: A new repeat structural element of mitochondrial and certain cytoplasmic membranes. Nature 199, 1262–1264 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spurr, A.R., Harris, W.M.: Ultrastructure of chloroplasts and chromoplasts in Capsicum annuum. I. Thylakoid membrane changes during fruit ripening. Am. J. Botany 55, 1210–1224 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stadelmann, E.J.: Permeability of the plant cell. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20, 585–606 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steck, T.L.: Membrane isolation. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.D. (eds.), pp. 76–114. Stamford, Conn.: Sinauer Associates Inc. 1972a

    Google Scholar 

  • Steck, T.L.: The organization of proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. In: Membrane Research. 1st ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Biol. Fox, C.F. (ed.), pp. 71–93. New York: Academic Press 1972 b

    Google Scholar 

  • Steck, T.L., Fairbanks, G., Wallach, D.F.H.: Disposition of the major proteins in the isolated erythrocyte membrane. Proteolytic dissection. Biochemistry 10, 2617–2624 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steck, T.L., Fox, C.F.: Membrane proteins. In: Membrane Molecular Biology. Fox, C.F., Keith, A.D. (eds.), pp. 27–75. Stamford, Conn.: Sinauer Associates Inc. 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Steck, T.L., Wallach, D.F.H.: The isolation of plasma membranes. Methods Cancer Res. 5, 93–153 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, H.: Isolation and purification of plant nucleic acids from whole tissues and from isolated nuclei. Methods Enzymol. 12B, 100–112 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, J.W., Wilson, J.T., Crane, F.L.: Membranefibrils in cristae and grana. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 162, 631–634 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocking, C.R., Lin, C.H.: Unpublished (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeckenius, W., Engelman, D.M.: Current models for the structure of biological membranes. J.Cell Biol. 42, 613–646 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strotmann, H., Berger, S.: Adenine nucleotide translocation across the membrane of isolated Acetabularia chloroplasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 35, 20–26 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szabo, G., Eisenman, G., McLaughlin, S.G.A., Krasne, S.: Ionic probes of membrane structure. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195, 273–290 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tautvydas, K.J.: Mass isolation of pea nuclei. Plant Physiol. 47, 499–503 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R.B., Duffus, W.P.H., Raff, M.C., Depetris, S.: Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibody. Nature (New Biol.) 233, 225–229 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.W., Foster, P., Leech, R.M.: The isolation of proplastids from roots of Vicia faba. Plant Physiol. 49, 270–272 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thornber, J.P.: Chlorophyll-proteins: light-harvesting and reaction center components of plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 26, 127–158 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E.: Isolation of leaf peroxisomes. In: Particle Separation from Plant Materials. (Compiled by C.A. Price.) Oak Ridge National Laboratory Microsymposium. Conf. 700119 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E.: Isolation of leaf peroxisomes. Methods Enzymol. 23, 665–682 (1971a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E.: Microbodies, peroxisomes, and glyoxysomes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 22, 45–74 (1971b)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E., Oeser, A., Kisaki, T., Hageman, R.H., Yamazaki, R.K.: Peroxisomes from spinach leaves containing enzymes related to glycolate metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 243, 5179–5184 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trebst, A.: Energy conservation in photosynthetic electron transport of chloroplasts. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25, 423–458 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trelease, R.N., Becker, W.M., Burke, J.J.: Cytochemical localization of malate synthase in glyoxysomes. J. Cell Biol. 60, 483–495 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urry, D.W.: Conformation of protein in biological membranes and a model transmembrane channel. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195, 108–125 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urry, D.W., Long, M.M., Jacobs, M., Harris, R.D.: Conformation and molecular mechanisms of carriers and channels. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 203–219 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderkooi, G.: Molecular architecture of biological membranes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 195, 6–15 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Woude, W. J.: Significance of the specific staining of Plant plasma membranes by treatment with chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid. Plant Physiol. 51, S82 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Woude, W.J., Lembi, C.A., Morre, D.J.: Auxin (2,4-D) stimulation (in vivo and in vitro) of polysaccharide synthesis in plasma membrane fragments isolated from onion stems. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46, 245–253 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villemez, C.L., McNab, J.M., Albersheim, P.: Formation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Nature 218, 878–880 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D.F.H.: The Plasma Membrane. 186 p. Berlin-Heildelberg-New York: Springer 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D.F.H., Bieri, V., Verma, S.P., Schmidt-Ullrich, R.: Modes of lipid-protein interactions in biomembranes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 142–160 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D.F.H., Graham, J.M., Fernbach, B.R.: Beta-conformation in mitochondrial membranes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 131, 322–324 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D.F.H., Ullrey, D.: The hydrolysis of ATP and related nucleotides by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 22, 228–234 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallach, D.F.H. Zahler, P.H.: Protein conformations in cellular membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US 56, 1557–1559 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrmeyer, W.: Zur Kristallgitterstruktur der sogenannten Prolamellarkörpes in Proplastiden etiolierter Bohnen. I. Pentagondodekaeder als Mittelpunkt konzentrischer Prolamellarkör- per. Z. Naturforsch. 20b, 1270–1278 (1965a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrmeyer, W.: Zur Kristallgitterstruktur der sogenannten Prolamellarkörper in Proplastiden etiotierter Bohnen. II. Zinkblendegitter als Muster tubulärer Anordnungen in Prolamellarkörper. Z. Naturforsch. 20b, 1278–1288 (1965b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrmeyer, W.: Zur Kristallgitterstruktur der sogenannten Prolamellarkörper in Proplastiden etiolierter Bohnen. III. Wurtzitgitter als Muster tubulärer Anordnungen in Prolamellarkörper. Z. Naturforsch. 20b, 1288–1296 (1965c)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weier, T.E.: The ultramicro structure of starch-free chloroplasts of fully expanded leaves of Nicotiana rustica. Am. J. Botany 48, 615–630 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weier, T.E., Benson, A.A.: The molecular organization of chloroplast membranes. Am. J. Botany 54, 389–402 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weier, T.E., Brown, D.L.: Formation of the prolamellar body in 8-day, dark-grown seedlings. Am. J. Botany 57, 267–275 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K.: Light and electron microscopic studies of Ascobolus stercorarius. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 62, 1–93 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Werdan, K., Heldt, H.W.: The phosphate translocator of spinach chloroplasts. In: Proc 2nd. Intern. Congr. Photosyn. Res. Forti, G., Avron, M., Melandri, A., (eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 1337–1344. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Werkheiser, W.C., Bartley, W.: The study of steady-state concentrations of internal solutes of mitochondria by rapid centrifugal transfer to a fixation medium. Biochem. J. 66, 79–91 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wettstein, D. von: The formation of plastid structures. In: The photochemical apparatus: Its structure and function. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 2, 138–159 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Whaley, W.G., Dauwalder, M., Kephart, J.E.: Assembly, continuity, and exchanges in certain cytoplasmic membrane systems. In: Origin and Continuity of Cell Organelles. Reinert, J., Ursprung, H. (eds.), pp. 1-45. New York-Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, F.A., Morre, D.J., Jaffe, M.J.: Association of phytochrome with rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum fractions from soybean hypocotyls. Plant Physiol. 56, 738–743 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wintermans, J.F.G.M.: Concentrations of phosphatides and glycolipids in leaves and chloroplasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 44, 49–54 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winzler, R.J.: A glycoprotein in human erythrocyte membranes. In: Red Cell Membrane: Structure and Function. Jameson, G.A., Greenwalt, T.J. (eds.), pp. 157–171. Philadelphia, Pa.: J.B. Lippincott 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Zbarsky, I.B., Perevoshchikova, K.A., Delektorskaya, L.N., Delektorsky, V.V.: Isolation and biochemical characteristics of the nuclear envelope. Nature 221, 257–259 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Falk, R.H., Stocking, C.R. (1976). Plant Membranes. In: Stocking, C.R., Heber, U. (eds) Transport in Plants III. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66417-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66417-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66419-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66417-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics