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Pressure Flow

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Transport in Plants I

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 1))

Abstract

Retrospectively it seems unfortunate that the discovery of blood circulation in animals (proved by Harvey, 1628) coincided with studies in xylem- and not phloem-sap transport in plants, because the similarity between blood transport and sieve-tube transport has become increasingly apparent. Attempts to apply positive pressure circulation models proved abortive (Hales, 1733) because xylem-sap pressures are not positive when sap transport is most vigorous. Furthermore, the driving force for flow was established as solar evaporation, which induces negative-pressure gradients contrasting with the circulation of blood. Phloem transport studies developed slowly after the discovery of sieve tubes (Hartig, 1837) and his proposal of positive pressure transport in 1860. The concept of circulation was renewed by Münch (1930) who demonstrated that water could be collected from partially isolated sieve tubes by reverse osmosis. According to Münch’s scheme, pressure developed osmotically as a consequence of solute secretion into the sieve tubes and this provided the necessary driving mechanism for transport. Since water was transported along with solutes, its return via the xylem was proposed to complete a circulatory pathway.

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Authors
  1. J. A. Milburn
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA

    M. H. Zimmermann

  2. Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G 12 8QQ, Great Britain

    J. A. Milburn

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Milburn, J.A. (1975). Pressure Flow. In: Zimmermann, M.H., Milburn, J.A. (eds) Transport in Plants I. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66161-7_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66161-7_14

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