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The Evolution, Physiology and Ecology of the Australian Arid-Zone Frog Fauna

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On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone

Abstract

The frog fauna of the Australian arid zone is diverse. Most species are independent of free-standing water except for breeding where all species have aquatic egg deposition and a conventional tadpole as the larval stage. The fauna is derived from two sources: taxa related to frog genera found across i) tropical, northern Australia and ii) genera from temperate, southern and eastern Australian. Those derivations are both recent – with some ongoing tenuous connections to tropical in north-west coastal areas, and ancient, reflecting the long term drying trend in arid Australia over the last 20 million years. Burrowing species can form waterproof cocoons, but also survive in moist soils. Most can reduce metabolic rates and ingest high quality foods in sufficient quantities in very short time frames to allow survival underground for many years between major rain events, and to allow them to be super abundant. Australian frogs do well in the arid zone!

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Correspondence to J. Dale Roberts .

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Appendix 1: Frog Species in the Deserts and Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion Subdivided by IBRA Regions. See Text for Further Detail and Sources

Appendix 1: Frog Species in the Deserts and Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion Subdivided by IBRA Regions. See Text for Further Detail and Sources

Broken Hill Complex

Litoria rubella

Broken Hill Complex

Neobatrachus pictus

Broken Hill Complex

Neobatrachus sudelli

Broken Hill Complex

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Broken Hill Complex

Litoria cultripes

Burt Plain

Litoria alboguttata

Burt Plain

Litoria australis

Burt Plain

Litoria gilleni

Burt Plain

Litoria maini

Burt Plain

Litoria rubella

Burt Plain

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Burt Plain

Neobatrachus sudelli

Burt Plain

Notaden nichollsi

Burt Plain

Platyplectrum spenceri

Carnarvon

Litoria maini

Carnarvon

Litoria occidentalis

Carnarvon

Litoria rubella

Carnarvon

Neobatrachus fulvus

Carnarvon

Neobatrachus pelobatoides

Carnarvon

Neobatrachus sudelli

Carnarvon

Neobatrachus sutor

Carnarvon

Neobatrachus wilsmorei

Carnarvon

Notaden nichollsi

Carnarvon

Platyplectrum spenceri

Carnarvon

Pseudophryne douglasi

Carnarvon

Pseudophryne occidentalis

Carnarvon

Pseudophryne guentheri

Central Ranges

Litoria maini

Central Ranges

Litoria occidentalis

Central Ranges

Litoria rubella

Central Ranges

Neobatrachus sudelli

Central Ranges

Platyplectrum spenceri

Central Ranges

Pseudophryne occidentalis

Central Ranges

Pseudophryne robinsoni

Channel Country

Crinia deserticola

Channel Country

Litoria alboguttata

Channel Country

Litoria brevipes

Channel Country

Litoria caerulea

Channel Country

Litoria cultripes

Channel Country

Litoria electrica

Channel Country

Litoria inermis

Channel Country

Litoria latopalmata

Channel Country

Litoria novaehollandiae

Channel Country

Litoria pallida

Channel Country

Litoria platycephala

Channel Country

Litoria rubella

Channel Country

Litoria verrucosa

Channel Country

Neobatrachus sudelli

Channel Country

Platyplectrum ornatum

Channel Country

Platyplectrum spenceri

Channel Country

Uperoleia rugosa

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Crinia deserticola

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria alboguttata

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria australis

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria caerulea

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria cultripes

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria longipes

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria maculosa

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria maini

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria platycephala

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Litoria rubella

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Notaden melanoscaphus

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Notaden nichollsi

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Platyplectrum ornatum

Davenport Murchison Ranges

Platyplectrum spenceri

Finke

Litoria maini

Finke

Litoria platycephala

Finke

Litoria gilleni

Finke

Litoria rubella

Finke

Neobatrachus sudelli

Finke

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Finke

Platyplectrum spenceri

Finke

Platyplectrum ornatum

Finke

Platyplectrum spenceri

Flinders Lofty Block

Litoria rubella

Flinders Lofty Block

Crinia flindersensis

Flinders Lofty Block

Crinia riparia

Flinders Lofty Block

Crinia signifera

Flinders Lofty Block

Limnodynastes dumerilii

Flinders Lofty Block

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Flinders Lofty Block

Neobatrachus pictus

Flinders Lofty Block

Neobatrachus sudelli

Flinders Lofty Block

Pseudophryne bibronii

Flinders Lofty Block

Litoria platycephala

Gascoyne

Uperoleia russelli

Gascoyne

Litoria maini

Gascoyne

Litoria occidentalis

Gascoyne

Litoria rubella

Gascoyne

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Gascoyne

Neobatrachus fulvus

Gascoyne

Neobatrachus sutor

Gascoyne

Neobatrachus wilsmorei

Gascoyne

Notaden nichollsi

Gascoyne

Platyplectrum spenceri

Gascoyne

Pseudophryne douglasi

Gascoyne

Uperoleia russelli

Gascoyne

Uperoleia saxatilis

Gawler

Crinia signifera

Gawler

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Gawler

Litoria ewingii

Gawler

Litoria platycephala

Gawler

Neobatrachus pictus

Gawler

Neobatrachus sudelli

Gibson Desert

Litoria maini

Gibson Desert

Neobatrachus sutor

Gibson Desert

Neobatrachus sudelli

Gibson Desert

Notaden nichollsi

Great Sandy Desert

Limnodynastes lignarius

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria australis

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria caerulea

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria cultripes

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria longipes

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria maini

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria nasuta

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria occidentalis

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria pallida

Great Sandy Desert

Litoria rubella

Great Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Great Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus sudelli

Great Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus sutor

Great Sandy Desert

Notaden nichollsi

Great Sandy Desert

Platyplectrum ornatum

Great Sandy Desert

Platyplectrum spenceri

Great Sandy Desert

Uperoleia glandulosa

Great Sandy Desert

Uperoleia micromeles

Great Sandy Desert

Uperoleia saxatilis

Great Sandy Desert

Uperoleia talpa

Great Victoria Desert

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Great Victoria Desert

Neobatrachus kunapalari

Great Victoria Desert

Neobatrachus pictus

Great Victoria Desert

Neobatrachus sudelli

Great Victoria Desert

Neobatrachus sutor

Great Victoria Desert

Notaden nichollsi

Great Victoria Desert

Pseudophryne occidentalis

Great Victoria Desert

Litoria maini

Great Victoria Desert

Litoria occidentalis

Little Sandy Desert

Uperoleia micromeles

Little Sandy Desert

Litoria maini

Little Sandy Desert

Litoria longipes

Little Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Little Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus sudelli

Little Sandy Desert

Neobatrachus sutor

Little Sandy Desert

Notaden nichollsi

Little Sandy Desert

Litoria rubella

Little Sandy Desert

Platyplectrum spenceri

Little Sandy Desert

Litoria cultripes

MacDonnell Ranges

Litoria cultripes

MacDonnell Ranges

Litoria maini

MacDonnell Ranges

Litoria platycephala

MacDonnell Ranges

Litoria gilleni

MacDonnell Ranges

Litoria rubella

MacDonnell Ranges

Neobatrachus sudelli

MacDonnell Ranges

Neobatrachus sutor

MacDonnell Ranges

Notaden nichollsi

MacDonnell Ranges

Uperoleia micromeles

Murchison

Litoria maini

Murchison

Litoria occidentalis

Murchison

Litoria rubella

Murchison

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Murchison

Neobatrachus kunapalari

Murchison

Neobatrachus sudelli

Murchison

Neobatrachus sutor

Murchison

Neobatrachus wilsmorei

Murchison

Notaden nichollsi

Murchison

Platyplectrum spenceri

Murchison

Pseudophryne guentheri

Murchison

Pseudophryne occidentalis

Nullarbor

Litoria rubella

Nullarbor

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Nullarbor

Neobatrachus kunapalari

Nullarbor

Neobatrachus sudelli

Nullarbor

Pseudophryne occidentalis

Nullarbor

Pseudophryne guentheri

Nullarbor

Litoria cyclorhyncha

Nullarbor

Neobatrachus sutor

Pilbara

Litoria australis

Pilbara

Litoria maini

Pilbara

Litoria occidentalis

Pilbara

Litoria rubella

Pilbara

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Pilbara

Neobatrachus sutor

Pilbara

Notaden nichollsi

Pilbara

Platyplectrum spenceri

Pilbara

Pseudophryne douglasi

Pilbara

Uperoleia glandulosa

Pilbara

Uperoleia saxatilis

Pilbara

Uperoleia talpa

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Crinia deserticola

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Limnodynastes fletcheri

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria brevipes

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria caerulea

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria cultripes

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria latopalmata

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria longipes

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria maini

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria platycephala

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Litoria rubella

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Neobatrachus pictus

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Neobatrachus sudelli

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Notaden nichollsi

Simpson Strezlecki Dunefields

Platyplectrum spenceri

Stony Plains

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Stony Plains

Litoria platycephala

Stony Plains

Litoria maini

Stony Plains

Litoria platycephala

Stony Plains

Litoria rubella

Stony Plains

Neobatrachus sudelli

Stony Plains

Platyplectrum spenceri

Tanami

Litoria australis

Tanami

Litoria caerulea

Tanami

Litoria coplandi

Tanami

Litoria cultripes

Tanami

Litoria inermis

Tanami

Litoria longipes

Tanami

Litoria maini

Tanami

Litoria pallida

Tanami

Litoria rubella

Tanami

Litoria watjulumensis

Tanami

Neobatrachus aquilonius

Tanami

Neobatrachus sudelli

Tanami

Notaden nichollsi

Tanami

Platyplectrum ornatum

Tanami

Platyplectrum spenceri

Tanami

Uperoleia borealis

Tanami

Uperoleia micromeles

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Roberts, J.D., Edwards, D. (2018). The Evolution, Physiology and Ecology of the Australian Arid-Zone Frog Fauna. In: Lambers, H. (eds) On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_7

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