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Helicases and Their Importance in Abiotic Stresses

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Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2

Abstract

Helicases are a ubiquitous class of ATP-dependent nucleic acid unwinding enzymes crucial for life processes in all living organisms. There are six classes of helicases based on their conserved amino acid sequences. All eukaryotic RNA helicases belong to the SF1 and SF2 groups. Groups SF3–SF5 are mainly viral and bacterial DNA helicases, while SF6 includes the ubiquitous mini-chromosome maintenance or MCM group of helicases. SF3–SF6 are also characterized as hexameric ring-forming, whereas SF1 and SF2 groups are usually monomeric. The SF2 class is the largest group of helicases, including both DNA and RNA helicases with the widest range of function in replication, transcription, translation, repair, as well as chromatin remodeling. There is no clear sequence-based separation between DNA and RNA helicases. SF2 also includes both RNA and DNA helicases that are involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. While both DNA and RNA helicases play important roles in normal cellular function, the latter are more markedly involved in stress alleviation. This functional divergence was also evident in promoter sequence comparisons of the 113 A. thaliana helicases. Some DNA helicases like those from SF6 (MCM) and SF2 (CHR) are also active under stressed conditions. However, the most prominent stress-activated helicases are those with the conserved amino acid motifs, DEAD/H. Overexpression of DEAD/H helicases in many crops confers a growth advantage in the transgenic plants and has resulted in their protection against major abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, and oxidative stresses with minimal loss in yield potential.

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Abbreviations

BAT 1:

HLA-B-associated transcript 1

BRM:

BRAHMA

BZR1:

Brassinazole-resistant 1

CBL:

Calcineurin B-like

CHR31:

Chromatin remodeling31

CHX:

Cation/H+ antiporter

CIPK:

CBL-interacting protein kinase

DEAD:

D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)

DRH:

Dicer-related RNA helicase

EDA:

Embryo sac development arrest

eIF:

Eukaryotic initiation factor

EMBL:

European Molecular Biology Laboratory

KEA:

K+/H+ antiporter

KEGG:

Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes

LOS4:

Low osmotic response gene 4

MCM:

Mini-chromosome

MEE29:

Mutant effect embryo 29

MEGA7:

Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7

MER:

Oligonucleotide-mer replacement

MINU:

Minuscule

NDPK:

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase

PIF:

Petite integration fequency

PTGS:

Posttranscriptional gene silencing

RdDM:

RNA-directed DNA methylase

REQ:

Recombinant specific

RH:

RNA helicase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SDE:

Silencing defective

SF1-SF6:

Superfamily1-superfamily6

SOS:

Salt overly sensitive

Swi/snf:

Switch/sucrose non-fermented DNA helicase

SYD:

SPAYED (stem cell maintainence in SAM and enhances expression of the pluripotency gene WUSCHEL)

ToGR1:

Thermotolerant growth required 1

Upf1-like:

Up-frameshift-1, triggers nonsense-mediated decay

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Zeba I. Seraj, Sabrina M. Elias & Sudip Biswas

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Tuteja

Authors
  1. Zeba I. Seraj
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  2. Sabrina M. Elias
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  3. Sudip Biswas
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  4. Narendra Tuteja
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zeba I. Seraj .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

  4. Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Seraj, Z.I., Elias, S.M., Biswas, S., Tuteja, N. (2018). Helicases and Their Importance in Abiotic Stresses. In: Kumar, V., Wani, S., Suprasanna, P., Tran, LS. (eds) Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_6

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