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Critical Evaluation of Algal Biofuel Production Processes Using Wastewater

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Algal Biofuels

Abstract

Simultaneous biofuel production and wastewater treatment using microalgae have future prospects for sustainable development. However, cultivation and harvesting system still have challenges to be addressed to make it implementable in large as an energy efficient process. This chapter discusses about different cultivation and harvesting processes with their advantages and drawbacks. There are many approaches for cultivation like open pond and close pond system. As far as harvesting system is concerned centrifugation and sedimentation are the most widely used processes, apart from them filtration, flotation, and flocculation have also gained interest. Inefficient cultivation processes, high energy intensive harvesting systems, and night biomass loss are the main bottleneck in the implementation of algal based simultaneous biofuel production and wastewater treatment system. Recently researchers are looking towards attached immobilization systems, integrated photo-bioelectrochemical system, and electrophoresis harvesting system to address the above issues. However, still more research and development is required to make them applicable in the field.

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Abbreviations

AIWPS:

Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond System

ATS:

Algal turf scrubbing

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DAF:

Dissolved air flotation

DW:

Dry weight

FIMP:

Flat inclined modular photobioreactor

GHG:

Green house gas

HRP:

High-rate pond

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

IPB:

Integrated photo-bioelectrochemical

MFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

MFCs:

Microbial fuel cells

N:

Nitrogen

OP:

Open pond

P:

Phosphorus

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

PBRs:

Photobioreactors

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

SS:

Suspended solid

TFF:

Tangential flow filtration

TOC:

Total organic carbon

VF:

Vacuum filter

WSP:

Wastewater stabilization pond

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Built and Natural Environment, Caledonian College of Engineering (University College of Glasgow Caledonian University, UK), 2322, CPO Seeb 111, Muscat, Oman

    Sudheer Kumar Shukla, Joseph V. Thanikal, Latifa Haouech & Sanjay Govind Patil

  2. Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India

    Vivek Kumar

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  1. Sudheer Kumar Shukla
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  1. Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  2. Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anushree Malik

  3. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Faizal Bux

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Shukla, S.K., Thanikal, J.V., Haouech, L., Patil, S.G., Kumar, V. (2017). Critical Evaluation of Algal Biofuel Production Processes Using Wastewater. In: Gupta, S., Malik, A., Bux, F. (eds) Algal Biofuels. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_10

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