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Orbit and Clock Product Generation

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

Many sophisticated Global Navigation Satellite System (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

) applications require high-precision satellite orbit and clock products. The GNSS orbits and clocks are usually derived from the analysis of tracking data collected by a globally distributed GNSS receiver network. The estimation process adjusts parameters for the satellite orbits, transmitter and receiver clocks, station positions, tropospheric delays, Earth orientation, intersystem and interfrequency biases, and carrier-phase ambiguities. The estimation requires detailed modeling of geophysical processes, atmospheric and relativistic effects, receiver tracking modes, antenna phase centers, spacecraft properties, and attitude control algorithms. This chapter describes precise orbit and clock determination of the GNSS constellations as performed by the analysis centers of the International GNSS Service, including models, estimation strategies, products, and the combination of orbit and clock solutions.

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Abbreviations

AC:

analysis center

AIUB:

Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern

ANTEX:

antenna exchange (format)

CDMA:

code division multiple access

CNAV:

civil navigation message

CODE:

Center for Orbit Determination in Europe

CoM:

center-of-mass

CoN:

center-of-network

DCB:

differential code bias

ECEF:

Earth-centered Earth-fixed

ECI:

Earth-centered inertial

ECMWF:

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

ECOM:

Empirical CODE Orbit Model

ESA:

European Space Agency

FDMA:

frequency division multiple access

GFZ:

Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

GIM:

global ionospheric map

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

GPT:

global pressure and temperature (model)

IERS:

International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

IGS:

International GNSS Service

ISC:

intersignal correction

ITRF:

International Terrestrial Reference Frame

JPL:

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

LEO:

low Earth orbit

MEO:

medium Earth orbit

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

PCO:

phase center offset

PCV:

phase center variation

POD:

precise orbit determination

PPP:

precise point positioning

RINEX:

receiver independent exchange (format)

RMS:

root mean square

SINEX:

solution independent exchange (format)

SLR:

satellite laser ranging

SP3:

Standard Product 3 (format)

SRP:

solar radiation pressure

SVN:

space vehicle number

TEC:

total electron content

TGD:

timing group delay

TRF:

terrestrial reference frame

UTC:

Coordinated Universal Time

VLBI:

very long baseline interferometry

VMF:

Vienna mapping function

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Editors for their helpful reviews during the development of this chapter and Mathias Fritsche, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) for providing information on orbit and clock combination.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. COSMIC Program, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 3090 Center Green Drive, CO 80301, Boulder, USA

    Jan P. Weiss

  2. German Space Operations Center, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Peter Steigenberger

  3. PosiTim UG, In den Löser 15, 64342, Seeheim-Jugenheim, Germany

    Tim Springer

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  1. Jan P. Weiss
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  2. Peter Steigenberger
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Correspondence to Jan P. Weiss .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Weiss, J.P., Steigenberger, P., Springer, T. (2017). Orbit and Clock Product Generation. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_34

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