Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to reinforce the mission toward evergreen revolution by enhancing agricultural productivity with limited inputs. It is emerging as a paradigm shift and evolving as a promising tool to begin a new era of precise farming techniques and therefore may provide a possible solution for crop improvement, even in challenging environments. Employment of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), whether carbon- or metal-based, may be the future solution to increase crop production for feeding the fast-growing world population. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of nanoparticles for crop improvement. Overriding influences of different carbon, metal-based and metal oxide nanoparticles on different growth parameters (number of seminal root initiation, root elongation, shoot length, number of seeds, flowers and its quality), ultimately leading to increased plant biomass and yield have been presented. Throughout this chapter, the beneficial role of nanoparticles through enhanced seed germination, increased root and shoot length, fruit and crop yield, and substantial increase in vegetative biomass of seedlings and plants in many crops including maize, wheat, alfalfa, soybean, mustard, mung bean, tomato, potato, lettuce, spinach, onion, peanut, borage, Arabidopsis, cluster bean, and bitter melon is highlighted. The experimental evidences for enhancement of secondary metabolites through nanoparticle treatment under in vivo and in vitro conditions are presented. Although implementation of nanotechnology for agriculture sustainability via enhanced yield, biomass, and secondary metabolite is at juvenile stage, world will witness exceptional and unparalleled prospective of nanoparticles for invigorating agriculture in many ways. It is evident that more investigations are urgently required to know the type of nanoparticle, size, concentration, and mode of application to enable its application on large scale for crop improvement.
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Misra, P., Shukla, P.K., Pramanik, K., Gautam, S., Kole, C. (2016). Nanotechnology for Crop Improvement. In: Kole, C., Kumar, D., Khodakovskaya, M. (eds) Plant Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42154-4_9
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