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Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Lung Diseases

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Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient

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Abstract

Despite advances in perinatal care, neonatal lung diseases characterized by disrupted alveolar and vascular development, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia, remain a therapeutic challenge and economic burden with long-term consequences that may affect a lifetime. Stem cell therapies appear promising for yet untreatable diseases. Several studies have already proven stem cell efficacy in a variety of experimental settings, including neonatal lung diseases. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitors cells may offer new hope to the neonatal population. These two cell types share a similar mechanism of action, including recruitment to site of injury and subsequent paracrine secretion of bioactive molecule and microvesicles. The evidence of a paracrine mechanism as the crucial effector of stem cells is directing research towards cell-free products, that may further change the face of regenerative medicine. Current clinical translation of regenerative medicine is mainly involving mesenchymal stem cells, thanks to their unique properties and extensive preclinical evidence. Given the essential role of vasculogenesis in lung development, further insight into endothelial progenitor cells may prove them as an important therapeutic option in neonatal lung diseases. Eventually co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitors cells may increase their therapeutic potential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via della commenda 12, Milan, 20122, Italy

    Maria Pierro M.D.

  2. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, MBBM Foundation, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy

    E. Ciarmoli

  3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada

    B. Thébaud

  4. Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada

    B. Thébaud

  5. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    B. Thébaud

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  1. Maria Pierro M.D.
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  2. E. Ciarmoli
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  3. B. Thébaud
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Correspondence to Maria Pierro M.D. .

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  1. KIlinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpomm., Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Pierro, M., Ciarmoli, E., Thébaud, B. (2016). Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Lung Diseases. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28293-0_14

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