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Advance Detection Techniques of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

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Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Plants including economically important crops are infected by a large number of fungal pathogens causing the most detrimental diseases which are responsible for considerable yield loss worldwide. Detection and diagnosis of phytopathogenic fungi are the most important steps towards developing strategies for their management. Developing direct detection assays is challenging because of existence of formae specialis, races, biotypes and strains within the species of fungal pathogens which are also changing depending upon the changing environmental conditions and crop cultivation in a particular area. Fungal plant disease diagnostics rely on a diverse technologies ranging from traditional taxonomy to advanced molecular tools. Major limitations of traditional methods include- ability of the organism to be cultured, time consuming and the requirement for extensive taxonomical knowledge. Early and accurate diagnoses of pathogens are necessary to predict the outbreaks and to have the required time for development of mitigation strategies. Now a days, molecular methods like conventional PCR, real-time PCR, nested PCR, co-operational PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR, magnetic capture-hybridisation (MCH)-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) etc. are commonly used for phytopathogenic fungal detection. They are highly sensitive, repetitive, fast, and also allow the quantification of the target pathogen. In addition, DNA based microarray technology has also been developed in order to analyse hundreds of targets simultaneously. Some of the advanced biochemical diagnostic techniques, including, spectroscopy, imaging and biosensor have revolutionized research on detection and identification of fungal species. The advances in biosensor technologies have potential to deliver point-of-care diagnostics that match or surpass conventional standards in regards to time, accuracy and cost. However, their real application lies in achieving sensitivities comparable to the established methods and at a low cost. Recently, a novel technology, the PLEX-ID system has been developed which uses broad-range PCR amplification coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the direct detection of pathogens without the need to wait for growth in culture. Development of new and exciting methods for the detection and identification of phytopathogenic fungi is a continual process, as emerging and re-emerging plant pathogens continue to challenge our ability to safeguard plant health worldwide.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Quarantine Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Pardeep Kumar, Jameel Akhtar, A. Kandan & S. C. Dubey

  2. Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Sandeep Kumar

  3. Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India

    Ritu Batra

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  1. Pardeep Kumar
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  2. Jameel Akhtar
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  3. A. Kandan
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  4. Sandeep Kumar
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  6. S. C. Dubey
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Correspondence to Pardeep Kumar .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beersheva, Israel

    Pradeep Kumar

  2. MGBG, Biochemistry, National Univ of Ireland Galway, Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Vijai Kumar Gupta

  3. Uttar Pradesh Council of Sugarcane, Shahjahnapur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajay Kumar Tiwari

  4. Dryland Biotechnology, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beersheva, Israel

    Madhu Kamle

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Kumar, P., Akhtar, J., Kandan, A., Kumar, S., Batra, R., Dubey, S.C. (2016). Advance Detection Techniques of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. In: Kumar, P., Gupta, V., Tiwari, A., Kamle, M. (eds) Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_12

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