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Inpatient Type 1 Diabetes

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Diabetes Management in Hospitalized Patients

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

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Abstract

Global incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are on the rise, and over 60% of those living with T1DM are over the age of 40. Therefore, the demand for inpatient diabetes emergency services is also expected to increase. In order to mitigate the burden of inpatient diabetes management and improve glycemic control, it is fundamental to leverage decisions based on evidence-based guidelines with the integration of protocols, insulin algorithms, computerized provider insulin order entry sets (CPOEs), and staff training. Expedited diagnosis of diabetes emergencies including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), or euglycemic DKA (eDKA) and initiation of intravenous (IV) insulin therapy is of the essence. Establishing diagnostic differentials between T1DM versus type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA), pancreatic/pancreatogenic diabetes (type 3c), and most recently checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetes mellitus (CIADM) or also referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) is of great importance. The availability of a diabetes team is foundational to optimal outcomes in both ICU and non-ICU hospital settings from admission to outpatient transition. Inpatient glycemic management research holds the promise of a transformational inpatient environment as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), glucose telemetry, and automated insulin delivery (AID) system advance.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nursing, Education, Development and Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Anna Delfina Giannella & Tricia Santos Cavaiola

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Kristen Kulasa

Authors
  1. Anna Delfina Giannella
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  2. Tricia Santos Cavaiola
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  3. Kristen Kulasa
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Correspondence to Anna Delfina Giannella .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA

    Rifka C. Schulman-Rosenbaum

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Giannella, A.D., Cavaiola, T.S., Kulasa, K. (2023). Inpatient Type 1 Diabetes. In: Schulman-Rosenbaum, R.C. (eds) Diabetes Management in Hospitalized Patients. Contemporary Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44648-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44648-1_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-44647-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-44648-1

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