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Genetic overlap between type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases

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A Correction to this article was published on 18 November 2021

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, which is driven by autoreactive T lymphocytes. It has been described that a high proportion of T1D patients develop other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, or vitiligo, which suggests the existence of common etiological factors among these disorders. In this regard, genetic studies have identified a high number of loci consistently associated with T1D that also represent established genetic risk factors for other AIDs. In addition, studies focused on identifying the shared genetic component in autoimmunity have described several common susceptibility loci with a potential role in T1D. Elucidation of this genetic overlap has been useful in identifying key molecular pathways with a pathogenic role in multiple disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the shared genetic component between T1D and other AIDs and discuss how the identification of common pathogenic mechanisms can help in the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as in improving the use of existing drugs.

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Funding

This work was supported by Red de Investigación en Inflamación y Enfermedades Reumáticas (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD16/0012/0013). Ana Marquez is a recipient of a Miguel Servet fellowship (CP17/00008) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness).

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  1. Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain

    Ana Márquez & Javier Martín

  2. Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain

    Ana Márquez

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AM and JM had the original idea for the manuscript. AM wrote this review. JM critically read and edited the manuscript.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on: Genetics and functional genetics of Autoimmune diseases—Guest Editors: Yukinori Okada & Kazuhiko Yamamoto

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Márquez, A., Martín, J. Genetic overlap between type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 44, 81–97 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-021-00885-6

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