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Biotechnology-Based Strategies for Removal of Emerging Contaminants

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Management and Mitigation of Emerging Pollutants

Abstract

Emerging contaminants refer to materials that are not commonly found in the natural environment. There is a major danger posed to both human health and the ecosystem as a result of the presence of these toxins in water sources. Conventional methods of treating wastewater are often unsuccessful when it comes to eliminating new pollutants. These contaminants include medications, personal care items, insecticides, and substances that affect the body’s endocrine system. In recent years, biotechnology-based solutions have emerged as potential ways to handle the removal of these new contaminants. Contaminants are constantly being created and released into the environment. The most recent developments in biotechnology-based solutions that have been developed for the purpose of particularly removing newly discovered toxins from water sources are the primary topic of this study. Bioremediation, a process that utilizes microorganisms to degrade and remove contaminants, has shown great potential in treating emerging contaminants. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae have been employed to break down these contaminants into non-toxic by-products through various mechanisms, including biodegradation, bio-adsorption, and bioaccumulation. Furthermore, the application of advanced biotechnological tools, such as genetic engineering and nanotechnology, has enhanced the efficiency of removal strategies. Genetic engineering allows the modification of microorganisms to improve their degradation capabilities, while nanotechnology enables the development of nanomaterials with high adsorption capacities for targeted contaminant removal. Other biotechnology-based techniques, like enzymatic degradation, phytoremediation, and bio-electrochemical systems, have shown promising results in the removal of new pollutants in addition to bioremediation. In general, the use of biotechnology-based techniques provides a solution that is both sustainable and effective for the elimination of newly discovered toxins in water sources. However, further study is required to optimize these tactics, determine the impacts they will have over the long term, and create means of implementation that are both cost-effective and efficient in order to ensure their practical deployment on a broader scale.

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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Sondhi, S., Sharma, R., Matta, S., Chaitanayajit Singh (2023). Biotechnology-Based Strategies for Removal of Emerging Contaminants. In: George, N., Dwibedi, V., Rath, S.K., Chauhan, P.S. (eds) Management and Mitigation of Emerging Pollutants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41005-5_4

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