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Nitric Oxide as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Respiratory Diseases

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Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 22))

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gasotransmitter that plays a vital role in diverse biological processes. NO is a fundamental component in regulating cardiovascular functions, smooth muscle tone, and neurotransmission. It acts as a critical signaling molecule in the body that widens blood vessels in the lungs when inhaled. Several lines of evidence indicate that endogenous NO is responsible for the physiological regulation of airways and is involved in various respiratory diseases. The primary sources of NO in the respiratory tract are epithelial cells, inflammatory cells (macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells), and endothelial. The highest output of NO is from epithelial cells and macrophages. The concentrations of NO are different for each airway inflammatory disease, and these changes in the level help in the evaluation and management of respiratory disorders. The amount of NO found in expired air is detectable by a non-invasive method in animals and humans. Several research findings have pointed out the role of NO in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting airways, and this can be translated to future application in clinical practice. This review summarizes the basic understanding of NO in various respiratory disorders, and the fractional exhaled levels of NO can be an important non-invasive economical diagnostic marker. Further, the current version of the role of endogenous NO may provide new insight into the regulation of the airways, and inhaled NO may potentially contribute as treatment strategies to various respiratory diseases in clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Kavita Gulati & Suresh Kumar Thokchom

  2. Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi, 110062, India

    Arunabha Ray

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  1. Kavita Gulati
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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India

    Arunabha Ray

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Kavita Gulati

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Gulati, K., Thokchom, S.K., Ray, A. (2023). Nitric Oxide as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Respiratory Diseases. In: Ray, A., Gulati, K. (eds) Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24778-1_11

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