Abstract
Biosurfactants have many beneficial properties such as high effectiveness and biodegradability with low toxicity. However, although they have proven effective for remediation applications, the major disadvantage is the cost of production. Enhanced sustainability of the production process could be obtained by employing wastes as substrates from agro-industrial, food processing, or oily waste sources. Production of rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and surfactin from these waste materials is reviewed. The largest proportion of studies includes substrates from the oil industry, followed by agro-industrial wastes, dairy products, the food industry and then industrial wastes. Food wastes have shown excellent results for rhamnolipid and sophorolipid biosurfactant production (over 100 g/L) as they are easily degradable and have high nutrient contents. Surfactin yields have been lower (up to 13 g/L). This process can also contribute to waste management and could lead to reduced costs for biosurfactant production. Future research needs are identified which include the use of molecular techniques for screening high yield producers, development of a greater understanding of the waste composition and complementary needs of biosurfactant producers, development of appropriate waste pretreatment and biosurfactant purification strategies, and optimization of the entire life cycle of biosurfactant production to reduce environmental impacts. Enhanced application of biosurfactants will be achieved as costs are reduced which is highly important for environmental applications.
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Mulligan, C.N. (2023). Sustainable Production of Biosurfactants Using Waste Substrates. In: Aslam, R., Mobin, M., Aslam, J., Zehra, S. (eds) Advancements in Biosurfactants Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21682-4_3
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