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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

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Personalized Mechanical Ventilation

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Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents a severe condition that carries a high risk of death among mechanically ventilated patients and increased healthcare costs. The severity of the disease and infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms is associated with the worst prognosis. Given that VAP is considered a severe ICU-acquired infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended, with coverage against all likely pathogens. The inherent risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms due to therapy may lead to adverse outcomes and increased mortality. Thus, knowledge of local epidemiology and microbiological surveillance is crucial for improving clinical approaches to VAP empirical treatment. As inappropriate empirical treatment is one of the most important prognostic factors, the use of next-generation rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tests is promising to optimize pathogen identification and early targeting of antibiotic treatment. Improved antimicrobial stewardship practices considering clinical evolution, biomarker measurements, and microbiological surveillance will aid early de-escalation of antibiotics. Novel strategies have been developed to enhance the quality of care of mechanically ventilated patients and VAP prevention. The most crucial aspect of VAP prevention is the development of institutional policies and protocols for training healthcare professionals on preventive interventions, such as the “Pneumonia Zero” project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain

    Erika P. Plata-Menchaca & Ricard Ferrer

  2. Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario General de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

    María Luisa Martínez González

  3. Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain

    Ricard Ferrer

  4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER), Madrid, Spain

    Ricard Ferrer

Authors
  1. Erika P. Plata-Menchaca
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  2. María Luisa Martínez González
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  3. Ricard Ferrer
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Correspondence to Ricard Ferrer .

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  1. Critical Care Division Belize Healthcare Partners, Belize, Belize

    Jorge Hidalgo

  2. Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Robert C Hyzy

  3. Critical Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Ahmed Mohamed Reda Taha

  4. Critical Care, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Yasser Younis A. Tolba

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Plata-Menchaca, E.P., González, M.L.M., Ferrer, R. (2022). Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. In: Hidalgo, J., Hyzy, R.C., Mohamed Reda Taha, A., Tolba, Y.Y.A. (eds) Personalized Mechanical Ventilation . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14138-6_14

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