Abstract
Grasping behavior and manipulation using the hand and/or foot is widespread among tetrapods and can be used in various contexts in the daily life of many species. Activities such as feeding and movement through the environment may be assisted by grasping. Well-defined digits and digital musculature are synapomorphies of the tetrapod clade and from this foundation other features, such as opposable digits and tendon configurations, have evolved independently in many lineages. The evolutionary transitions leading to grasping and manipulative behaviors are complex and require better understanding. Here we survey the evolution of grasping autopodia and their forms and functions across four major tetrapod clades, revealing that the underlying morphological bases and ecological factors may differ among tetrapods. Further interdisciplinary approaches, including eco-ethology, morphology, biomechanics, ontogeny, and even genetics, relating to grasping form and function within and among tetrapods must be developed for a better understanding of the role that object/substrate/food grasping abilities play in the evolutionary success of several tetrapod lineages.
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Acknowledgments
We warmly thank Vincent Bels for inviting us to participate in this book project. We appreciate the generosity of Hartmut Förstner for providing us with the schematics shown in Fig. 12.7, and of Gilles Berillon for providing the 3D models shown in Fig. 12.14. Part of this work was funded by PICT 2016-2772, 2018-0832 and PIP 0389, and supported by a SU emergence funding “HUMDEXT”. Finally, we would like to warmly thank those experts who helped us to improve this article, in particular Christine Böhmer and Anthony Russell.
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Pouydebat, E., Boulinguez-Ambroise, G., Manzano, A., Abdala, V., Sustaita, D. (2023). Convergent Evolution of Manual and Pedal Grasping Capabilities in Tetrapods. In: Bels, V.L., Russell, A.P. (eds) Convergent Evolution. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11441-0_12
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