Abstract
The declining of crop productions due to various biotic and abiotic factors is evident these days. Among the various factors, heavy metal stress is one of the major abiotic factors which is responsible for lower crop productivity that needs to be addressed and resolved. There are a few ways to overcome heavy metal stress in crop plants, which require appropriate selection for effective results. Many strains of microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae) have intrinsic properties to either absorb, uptake, or change the chemical properties of metals available to the plants. There are several reports that claim the effective use of microbes in mitigation/bioremediation of heavy metal contamination in soil and water. Being microbial treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil is one of the best options available in terms of their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness in overcoming metal stress in crop plants. Therefore, in this chapter, we have highlighted and discussed the various sources of heavy metal contamination in crop fields, their toxic effects on crop plants, the various mechanism adopted by plants to resist the toxic effects of heavy metals, and the microbial potential in bioremediation of heavy metals that include the heavy metal resistance and uptake mechanism in microbes, their effective use in bioremediation, and finally, we have discussed the application of advanced technologies such as genetic engineering and omics technology in the field of microbiology for their potential use in the bioremediation of heavy metals.
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Abbreviations
- ABC:
-
ATP-Binding Cassette
- ACC:
-
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate
- AMF:
-
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
- ASA:
-
Ascorbate
- ATM:
-
ABC Transporters of the Mitochondria
- CAX:
-
Calcium Cation Antiporter
- CDF:
-
Cation Diffusion Facilitator
- COPT:
-
Copper Transporter
- CRISPR:
-
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- GEMs:
-
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms
- GMMs:
-
Genetically Modified Microorganisms
- GRFC:
-
Global Report on Food Crises
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- HM:
-
Heavy Metal
- IRT:
-
Iron-regulated Transporter
- MT:
-
Metallothionein
- PCS:
-
Phytochelatin Synthase
- PCs:
-
Phytochelatins
- PGPR:
-
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- SOD:
-
Superoxide Dismutase
- V-ATPase:
-
Vacuolar Proton-ATPase
- V-PPase:
-
Vacuolar Proton-Pyrophosphatase
- ZRT:
-
Zinc-regulated Transporter
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Singh, K.N., Narzary, D. (2022). Harnessing the Power of Microbes to Overcome Heavy Metal Stress in Crop Plants. In: Roy, S., Mathur, P., Chakraborty, A.P., Saha, S.P. (eds) Plant Stress: Challenges and Management in the New Decade. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95365-2_16
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