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Epigenetics and Assisted Reproductive Technologies

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Epigenetic Epidemiology

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Abstract

The human genome undergoes several phases of epigenetic programming during gametogenesis and early embryo development. The myriad of exposures unique to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) including superovulation, fertilization procedures, embryo culture variations, embryo biopsy, and gamete/embryo cryopreservation all occur during this period of intense global reprogramming. While the vast majority of children born after assisted reproductive technologies are healthy, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that ART is associated with a number of adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, low birthweight, and an increased prevalence of imprinting disorders. Data from animal models support both global and gene-specific changes after ART exposures. Further studies including prospective longitudinal human cohort studies are needed to delineate the effects of these exposures on the epigenome, the long-term impacts on immediate offspring, and transgenerational effects.

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Abbreviations

ART:

assisted reproductive technologies

AS:

Angelman syndrome

BWS:

Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

ICSI:

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

IVF :

in vitro fertilization

PGT:

pre-implantation genetic testing

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

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Acknowledgments

Supported by NIH 2P50HD068157-06A1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Suneeta Senapati, Sneha Mani, Christos Coutifaris & Monica Mainigi

  2. Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jayashri Ghosh & Carmen Sapienza

Authors
  1. Suneeta Senapati
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  2. Sneha Mani
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  3. Jayashri Ghosh
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  4. Christos Coutifaris
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  5. Carmen Sapienza
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  6. Monica Mainigi
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Correspondence to Carmen Sapienza .

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA

    Karin B. Michels

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Senapati, S., Mani, S., Ghosh, J., Coutifaris, C., Sapienza, C., Mainigi, M. (2022). Epigenetics and Assisted Reproductive Technologies. In: Michels, K.B. (eds) Epigenetic Epidemiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94475-9_7

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