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Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Waste to Activated Carbon: A Potential Resource for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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Rapid Refrigeration and Water Protection

Part of the book series: Springer Water ((SPWA))

Abstract

In the last decade, the amount of contaminated water resources has increased dramatically with the rapid growth in industrial sectors. Additionally, the growth in world population and the effects of climate changes have also increased the water contamination levels in several areas. Thus, there is a crucial need for effective and eco-friendly water treatment materials. The current available water treatment methods and materials have multiples drawbacks that limit their usability. Materials such as metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and polymer membranes are used widely in the water treatment field. However, the efficiency of these materials is limited by the complexity of the water contaminants. Therefore, highly efficient activated carbon is introduced as a proper approach to treat contaminated water. Typically, activated carbon is produced from different types of biomass. Hence, activated carbon can be produced almost everywhere. Currently, Lignocellulosic biomass is provided as a reliable renewable resource that can be used to produce activated carbon. Indeed, Lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized to produce several materials such as biogases, biofuels, and biochar. Activated carbon is produced from biomass using different thermal conversion technologies such as pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, torrefaction hydrothermal processing, and gasification. Historically, pyrolysis technology is used for hundreds of years to produce biofuel and char from woody biomass. This chapter focuses on the different reaction phases during pyrolysis and the effect of the reaction conditions on biomass to produce activated carbon. Moreover, the impact of technological development on the energy density of the lignocellulosic residues is covered in the chapter.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the University Malaya, Malaysia for the financial support (Grant IF 065-2021 and IF 073-2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ahmed Elsayid Ali, Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Abu Nasser Faisal & Yasmin Abdul Wahab

  2. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA

    Rasel Das

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Block E3 #05-12, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117581, Singapore

    Seeram Ramakrishnan

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  1. Ahmed Elsayid Ali
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  2. Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
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  3. Abu Nasser Faisal
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  4. Rasel Das
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  5. Yasmin Abdul Wahab
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  6. Seeram Ramakrishnan
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Correspondence to Zaira Zaman Chowdhury .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Rasel Das

  2. WPI-I2CNER, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Bidyut Baran Saha

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Ali, A.E., Chowdhury, Z.Z., Faisal, A.N., Das, R., Wahab, Y.A., Ramakrishnan, S. (2022). Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Waste to Activated Carbon: A Potential Resource for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. In: Das, R., Saha, B.B. (eds) Rapid Refrigeration and Water Protection. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93845-1_7

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