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Phytoremediation Capacity of Medicinal Plants in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals

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Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Environmental Challenges and Solutions ((ECAS))

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a set of technologies that reduce, in situ or ex situ, the concentration of various compounds through biochemical processes carried out by plants. Phytoremediation uses plants to remove, reduce, transform, mineralize, degrade, volatilize, or stabilize contaminants present in soil, water, and air. Plants to be used for phytoremediation are selected primarily for their physiological characteristics, such as presence of specific enzymes, tolerance and assimilation of toxic substances, plant growth rates, root depth, and ability to bioaccumulate and/or degrade contaminants. A wide diversity of species has been utilized in phytoremediation. Some of these are known as hyperaccumulators, due to their high capacity to accumulate heavy metals. Phytoremediation offers several advantages, among which are the following: (i) it constitutes a sustainable technology, (ii) it is carried out without the need to transport the contaminated substrate (thus decreasing the dissemination of contaminants through air or water), (iii) it is a set of technologies that are efficiently applied to both organic and inorganic contaminants, and (iv) its cost-effectiveness is driven by conventional agronomic practices, i.e., specialized personnel and energy are not required. The benefits of the practice are also associated with the following: (v) it is minimally harmful to the environment, (vi) it improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil due to the formation of vegetation cover, (vii) it has a high probability of being accepted by the public as the plants involved are often pleasing to the eye, (viii) it does not involve excavation work and heavy traffic, and (ix) it can be employed in water, soil, air, and sediments and allows for the recycling of resources (e.g., water, biomass, metals). Therefore, this chapter aims to (a) select the main medicinal plants with the potential to phytoremediate soils contaminated by heavy metals (e.g., uranium, copper, nickel, cobalt, mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, selenium, aluminum, iron, and manganese), (b) report on the tolerance mechanisms of phytoremediation, and (c) indicate the concentration and accumulation levels of toxic heavy metals in medicinal plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colegio de Postgraduados, Puebla, Mexico

    Braulio Edgar Herrera-Cabrera

  2. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Mexico

    Luis Germán López-Valdez

  3. Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico

    Víctor Manuel Cetina Alcalá

  4. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Guasave, Mexico

    Jorge Montiel-Montoya

  5. Secretaria de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico

    Leticia Mónica Sánchez-Herrera

  6. Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico

    Víctor Manuel Ocaño Higuera

  7. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico

    Candelaria Raqueline de la Rosa-Montoya

  8. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico

    Hebert Jair Barrales-Cureño

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  1. Braulio Edgar Herrera-Cabrera
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    Tariq Aftab

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Herrera-Cabrera, B.E. et al. (2022). Phytoremediation Capacity of Medicinal Plants in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals. In: Aftab, T. (eds) Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants. Environmental Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92050-0_17

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