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Experimental Models

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The Right Heart

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Abstract

Animal models that mimic key features of the transition from right ventricular (RV) adaptation towards decompensation and RV failure in the context of pulmonary hypertension are urgently needed to better understand disease-causing mechanisms and RV maladaptive remodeling processes. The availability of animal models in which changes in RV structure and function are induced, such as the pulmonary artery banding model, provides valuable tools to advance our current understanding of RV (mal-) adaptation processes. These models add value by informing about direct cardiac effects of established therapies for pulmonary hypertensive diseases, and as demonstrated by this model in particular can be used to study changes in RV structure and function independent of changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such animal models which allow informative studies on RV structure and function associated with pulmonary vasculopathies.

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Abbreviations

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CTEPH:

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

CYP3A4:

Cytochrome P450

FDG:

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose

FHR:

Fawn-hooded rat

HFD:

High-fat diet

LAD:

Left anterior descending

LHD:

Left-heart disease

LV:

Left ventricular

MCT:

Monocrotaline

MCTP:

Dehydromonocrotaline

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnea

PA AcT:

Pulmonary artery acceleration time

PAB:

Pulmonary artery banding

PAH:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

PAP:

Pulmonary artery pressure

PH:

Pulmonary hypertension

PVR:

Pulmonary vascular resistance

RV:

Right ventricle

SUHx:

Sugen plus hypoxia

TAC:

Transverse aortic constriction

TUNEL:

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany

    Mario Boehm, Ralph Theo Schermuly & Baktybek Kojonazarov

  2. Department of Small Animal Imaging, Institute for Lung Health, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

    Baktybek Kojonazarov

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  1. Mario Boehm
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  2. Ralph Theo Schermuly
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  3. Baktybek Kojonazarov
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Correspondence to Ralph Theo Schermuly .

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  1. National Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Sean P. Gaine

  2. Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

    Robert Naeije

  3. Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK

    Andrew J. Peacock

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Boehm, M., Schermuly, R.T., Kojonazarov, B. (2021). Experimental Models. In: Gaine, S.P., Naeije, R., Peacock, A.J. (eds) The Right Heart. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78255-9_3

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