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Abstract

Recent advances in plant breeding and agronomic practices have contributed significantly to the annual genetic gain in crop productivity to the tune of 0.8–1.2%. However, the present rate of gain is insufficient to meet out the fast-growing food demand of the expected global population of 2050. Till 1980s genetic enhancement of crop plants was primarily based on conventional plant breeding approaches. Although conventional breeding is continued to be breeder’s choice, faster genetic gain is hampered particularly for complex traits. Increasing the rate of genetic gain through modern breeding technologies is essential for food and nutritional security. Genomic selection (GS) is one such proven technology in animal breeding and recently incorporated in plant breeding programmes, especially large-scale private sector. GS is a promising approach for the rapid selection of superior genotypes and accelerating the breeding cycle. A comprehensive review of the existing GS literature in crop plants may provide insights for integrating GS in crop breeding programmes. Incorporation and effective use of GS in breeding programme depend upon several factors such as breeding method, genetic architecture and heritability number of targeted traits, statistical models, availability of genotyping and phenotyping facilities and the budget of breeding program. In this chapter, we discuss GS in wheat while highlighting various studies carried for improvement of grain yield, biotic and abiotic stresses, disease resistance and grain quality parameters. Also discussed are the challenges and key considerations to be followed for successful implementation of GS in varietal development programmes. Most of the GS studies are used to predict the additive genetic value and lag behind for non-additive and Genotype X Environment Interaction (GEI). Multi-trait and multi-environment modelling is essential for improving the prediction accuracy for environment-sensitive traits. Another potential of GS is mining of genes in gene bank accessions to access unexplored diversity into breeding programmes.

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Kumar, N. et al. (2021). Genomic Selection for Wheat Improvement. In: Wani, S.H., Mohan, A., Singh, G.P. (eds) Physiological, Molecular, and Genetic Perspectives of Wheat Improvement. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59577-7_9

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