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History of Cyclodextrin Production in Hungary

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The History of Cyclodextrins

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 52))

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Abstract

The research on cyclodextrin started at the beginning of the 1970s at Cyclodextrin Research Laboratory of Chinoin Pharmaceutical and Chemical Works Co. Ltd. in Hungary. Professor József Szejtli, the leading scientist of the field, soon recognized the importance of production. According to his estimations, market demands were likely to reach 1000–2000 tons per year. In early times, cyclodextrins were available on the market only as fine chemicals in few gram quantities. Cyclodextrins were produced by enzymatic degradation and subsequent cyclization of starch, forming a mixture of acyclic and cyclic dextrins. The converting enzyme, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, could be found in some strains of soil microorganisms. The industrial scale production of enzyme possessing high cyclizing activity was an essential demand for the high capacity cyclodextrin production. It was also aimed to develop an appropriate starch conversion technology capable to produce alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, and gamma-cyclodextrin at high yields by the means of processed enzyme.

Development of both enzyme fermentation and starch conversion technology was started simultaneously around the mid of the 1970s, in the microbial and processing laboratories of Chinoin, respectively. The researcher had to tackle (i) selecting the microorganism producing cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase enzyme; (ii) building up analytical methods for cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase enzyme activity; (iii) optimizing the conditions for cultivation; (iv) separating the enzyme from culture medium; (v) purification and characterization of the enzyme; (vi) selection of starch and optimization of hydrolysis by alpha-amylase; (vii) optimizing the enzymatic conversion of starch to the mixture of cyclic and acyclic maltodextrins; (viii) optimizing the conditions for the desired ratio of alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, and gamma-cyclodextrin in the conversion mixture; (ix) developing an alpha-cyclodextrin-specific conversion pathway; (x) developing a gamma-cyclodextrin-specific conversion pathway; (xi) developing analytical techniques for characterization of the composition of the conversion mixture; (xii) separating cyclodextrin(s), purification, and crystallization; (xiii) scaling up the production; and (xiv) developing an immobilized enzyme.

As a result of substantial development, the first 100 kg beta-cyclodextrin was produced in 1978. Parallel to the development of the cyclodextrin production, the technologies for the preparation of some cyclodextrin derivatives were also scaled up: hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a parenteral drug carrier and cyclodextrin bead polymer for wound healing were selected for industrial production.

This chapter gives the details on how the development of the production technologies proceeded and how the difficulties were overcome until the final technologies were documented and the industrial production realized.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Ltd, Budapest, Hungary

    Éva Fenyvesi & Lajos Szente

  2. Berlini Park Research and Development Centre, Budapest, Hungary

    Gábor Seres

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  1. Éva Fenyvesi
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  2. Gábor Seres
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  3. Lajos Szente
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Correspondence to Éva Fenyvesi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

    Grégorio Crini

  2. Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Dunkerque, France

    Sophie Fourmentin

  3. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Fenyvesi, É., Seres, G., Szente, L. (2020). History of Cyclodextrin Production in Hungary. In: Crini, G., Fourmentin, S., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) The History of Cyclodextrins. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49308-0_4

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