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Marine Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and GAG-Mimetics: Applications in Medicine and Tissue Engineering

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Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices

Part of the book series: Biologically-Inspired Systems ((BISY,volume 12))

Abstract

Glycosaminoglycans or GAGs are fundamental constituents of both cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM), and through their localization they participate in many biological processes by playing a key role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Therefore, they present a great potential for the design and preparation of therapeutic drugs to treat major diseases such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancers, infectious diseases, and degenerative diseases. With the demand of both animal-free molecules and clean environmentally friendly processes, the production of GAG-mimetics or GAG-like molecules from other sources than mammalian tissues is flourishing. Glycans, carbohydrates, or polysaccharides from marine resources are unique in terms both of function and structure, and they differ considerably from those of terrestrial origin. With the simultaneous development of both glycoscience and marine biotechnologies, the potential of marine polysaccharides as an innovative source for new pharmaceuticals has emerged and gained considerable attention. Algal and microbial polysaccharides offer a tremendous structural diversity for drug discovery. With the recent progress in genetic engineering, the bacterial production of tailor-made polysaccharides will provide very competitive molecules with properties of interest especially to treat major diseases and to elaborate new applications in tissue engineering.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the CNRS in the framework of the GDR GAG (GDR 3739).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Microbiens et Molécules Marines pour les Biotechnologies, Ifremer, Nantes, France

    Sylvia Colliec-Jouault & Agata Zykwinska

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  1. Sylvia Colliec-Jouault
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  2. Agata Zykwinska
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Correspondence to Sylvia Colliec-Jouault .

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  1. Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

    Ephraim Cohen

  2. School of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology – Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

    Hans Merzendorfer

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Colliec-Jouault, S., Zykwinska, A. (2019). Marine Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and GAG-Mimetics: Applications in Medicine and Tissue Engineering. In: Cohen, E., Merzendorfer, H. (eds) Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices. Biologically-Inspired Systems, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_15

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