Skip to main content

Immunoglobulin Diversity

Regulation of Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes during Primary Development of B Cells

  • Chapter
Biological Regulation and Development

Part of the book series: Biological Regulation and Development ((BRD,volume 2))

Abstract

Since it was perceived that the capacity of immunoglobulin molecules to bind specifically to antigenic determinants was determined by their amino acid sequences, and therefore represented genetic information, there have been impressive attempts to clarify the problem of how the immense diversity of genes coding for antibody molecules of different specificities might be generated. Approaches to the question of generation of diversity have been largely based on comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences of the immunoglobulin molecules derived from plasma cell tumors of mice and humans. These studies have provided fundamental information on the nature of the structural genes that code for immunoglobulin molecules, have given insights into their evolution, and have defined constraints within which models for the generation of diversity must be fitted (Hood et al., 1977 b).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abney, E. R., Cooper, M. D., Kearney, J. F., Lawton, A. R., and Parkhouse, R. M. E., 1978, Sequential expression of immunoglobulin on developing mouse B lymphocytes. A systemic survey which suggests a model for the generation of immunoglobulin isotype diversity, J. Immunol. 120:2041.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamson, J. W., Fialkow, P. J., Murphy, S., Prahl, J. R., and Steinmann, L., 1976, Polycythemia vera: Stemcell and probable clonal origin of the disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 295:913.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amzel, L. M., Poljak, R. J., Saul, F., Varga, J. M., and Richards, F. F., 1974, The three dimensional structure of a combining region-ligand complex of immunoglobulin NEW at 3.5-A resolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:1427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Askonas, B. A., and North, J. R., 1977, The life style of B cells—Cellular proliferation and the invariancy of IgG, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:749.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basten, A., Loblay, R., Chia, E., Collard, R., and Pritchard-Briscoe, H., 1977, Suppressor T cells intolerance to non-self and self antigens, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binz, H., and Wigzell, H., 1977, Antigen-binding, idiotypic receptors from T lymphocytes: An analysis of their biochemistry, genetics and use of immunogens to produce specific immune tolerance, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burnet, F. M., 1959, The Clonal Selection Theory of Immunity, Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, Tenn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, P. B., Kearney, J. F., Lawton, A. R., and Cooper, M. D., 1978, Pre-B cells: Bone marrow persistence in anti-µ suppressed mice, conversion to B lymphocytes, and recovery following destruction by cyclophosphamide, J. Immunol. 120:1526.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, P. B., LeJeune, M., and Kearney, J. F., 1979, Evidence that murine pre-B cells synthesize µ chains but no light chains, Nature (London) 280:838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrt, P., and Ada, G. L., 1969, An in vitro reaction between labeled flagellin or haemocyanin and lymphocytelike cells from normal animals, Immunology, 17:503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cebra, J. J., Gearhart, P. J., Kamat, R., Robertson, S. M., and Tseng, J., 1977, Origin and differentiation of lymphocytes involved in the secretory IgA response, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claflin, J. L., Lieberman, R., and Davie, J. M., 1974, Clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine. I. Specificity, class, and idiotype of phosphorylcholine-binding receptors on lymphoid cells, J. Exp. Med. 139:58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. E., D’Eustachio, P., and Edelman, G. M., 1977, The specific antigen-binding cell populations of individual fetal mouse spleens: Repertoire composition, size, and genetic control, J. Exp. Med. 146:394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, M., Blomberg, B., Geckeler, W., Raschke, W., Riblet, R., and Weigert, M., 1974, First order considerations in analyzing the generation of diversity, in: The Immune System: Genes, Receptors, Signals (E. Sercarz, L. A. Herzenberg, and C. F. Fox, eds.), pp. 89–117, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleclough, C., Cooper, D., and Perry, R. P., 1980, Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes during B lymphocyte development as revealed by studies of mouse plasmacytoma cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:1422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., and Lawton, A. R., 1974, The development of the immune system, Sci. Am. 231:58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Peterson, R. D. A., South, M. A., and Good, R. A., 1966, The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken, J. Exp. Med. 123:75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Cain, W. A., Van Alten, P. J., and Good, R. A., 1969, Development and function of the immunoglobulin-producing system. I. Effect of Bursectomy at different stages of development on germinal centers, plasma cells, immunoglobulins and antibody production, Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 35:242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Kincade, P. W., and Lawton, A. R., 1971, Thymus and bursal function in immunologic development: A new theoretical model of plasma cell differentiation, in: Immunologic Incompetence (B. M. Kagan and E. R. Stiehm, eds.), pp. 81–104, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Lawton, A. R., and Kincade, P. W., 1972, A developmental approach to the biological basis for antibody diversity, in: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 1 (M. G. Hanna and M. D. Cooper, eds.), pp. 33–47, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Kearney, J. F., Lawton, A. R., Abney, E. R., Parkhouse, R. M. E., Preud’homme, J. L., and Seligmann, M., 1976, Generation of immunoglobulin class diversity in B cells: A discussion with emphasis on IgD development, Ann. Immunol. (Inst. Pasteur) 127:573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. D., Kearney, J. F., and Lawton, A. R., 1978, The life history of antibody producing B cell cells, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress (J. W. Rittlefield and J. de Grouchy, eds.), pp. 178–195, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam and Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cory, S., Jackson, J., and Adams, J. M., 1980, Deletions in the constant region locus can account for switches in immunoglobulin heavy chain expression, Nature (London) 285:450.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, S. W., and Cebra, J. J., 1971, Peyer’s patches: An enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit, J. Exp. Med. 134:188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, S. W., and Cebra, J. J., 1975, Rabbit Peyer’s patches, appendix, and popliteal lymph node B lymphocytes: A comparative analysis of their membrane immunoglobulin components and plasma cell precursor potential, J. Immunol. 114:492.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davie, J. M., and Paul, W. E., 1971, Receptors on immunocompetent cells. II. Specificity and nature of receptors on dinitrophenylated guinea pig albumin-<sup>125</sup>I-binding lymphocytes of normal guinea pigs, J. Exp. Med. 134:495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davie, J. M., and Paul, W. E., 1974a, Antigen-binding receptors on lymphocytes, in: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 3 (M. D. Cooper and N. L. Warner, eds.), pp. 171–192, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Davie, J. M., and Paul, W. E., 1974b, Role of T lymphocytes in the humoral immune response. I. Proliferation of B lymphocytes in thymus-deprived mice, J. Immunol. 113:1438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. M., Calame, K., Early, P. W., Livant, D. L., Joho, R., Weissman, I. L., and Hood, L., 1980, An immunoglobulin gene is formed by at least two recombinational events, Nature (London) 283:733.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Eustachio, P., and Edelman, G. M., 1975, Frequency and avidity of specific antigen-binding cells in developing mice, J. Exp. Med. 142:1078.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Eustachio, P., Cohen, J. E., and Edelman, G. M., 1976, Variation and control of specific antigen-binding cell populations in individual fetal mice, J. Exp. Med. 144:259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyer, W. J., and Bennett, J. C., 1965, The molecular basis of antibody formation: A paradox, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54:864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P., 1900, On immunity with special reference to cell life, Proc. R. Soc. 66:424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, S. M., Winchester, R. J., and Kunkel, H. G., 1975, Similar idiotypic specificity for the membrane IgD and IgM of human B lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 114:250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gathings, W. E., Lawton, A. R., and Cooper, M. D., 1977, Immunofluorescent studies of the development of pre-B cells, B lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin isotype diversity in humans, Eur. J. Immunol. 7:804.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, P. J., 1977, Non-sequential expression of multiple immunoglobulin classes by isolated B-cell clones, Nature (London) 269:812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, P. J., Sigal, N. H., and Klinman, N. R., 1975a, Production of antibodies of identical idiotype but diverse immunoglobulin classes by cells derived from a single stimulated B cell, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:1707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, P. J., Sigal, N. H., and Klinman, N. R., 1975b, Heterogeneity of the BALB/c antiphosphorylcholine antibody response at the precursor cell level, J. Exp. Med. 141:56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goding, J. W., and Layton, J. E., 1976, Antigen-induced co-capping of IgM and IgD-like receptors on murine B cells, J. Exp. Med. 144:852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goidl, E. A., and Siskind, G. W., 1974, Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. I. Restricted heterogeneity of the antibody response of B lymphocytes from neonatal and fetal mice, J. Exp. Med. 140:1285.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goidl, E. A., Klass, J., and Siskind, G. W., 1976, Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. II. Ability of endotoxin to increase the heterogeneity of affinity of the immune response of B lymphocytes from fetal mice, J. Exp. Med. 143:1503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, P. D., and Durda, P. J., 1977, The I<sub>B</sub>-peptide marker and the L<sub>4</sub>_<sub>3</sub> surface alloantigen: Structural studies of a V<sub>K</sub>-region polymorphism and a T-cell marker determined by linked genes, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, A. R., Simons, M., Lawton, A. R., Mage, R. G., and Cooper, M. D., 1978, Ontogeny of B lymphocytes in rabbits: Allotype exclusion and suppression at the b locus, in: Developmental Immunobiology (J. B. Soloman, ed.), pp. 181–188, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L., Loh, E., Hubert, J., Barstad, P., Eaton, G., Early, P., Fuhrman, J., Johnson, N., Kronenberg, M., and Schilling, J., 1977a, The structure and genetics of mouse immunoglobulins: An analysis of NZB meyloma proteins and sets of BALB/c myeloma proteins binding particular haptens, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L., Kronenberg, M., Early, P., and Johnson, N., 1977b, Nucleic acid chemistry and the antibody problem, in: ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. VI, The Immune System: Genetics and Regulation (E. E. Sercarz, L. A. Herzenberg, and C. F. Fox, eds.), pp. 1–27, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honjo, T., and Kataoha, T., 1978, Organization of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes and allelic deletion model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:2140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hozumi, N., and Tonegawa, S., 1976, Evidence for somatic rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes coding for variable and constant regions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:3628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerne, N. K., 1971, The somatic generation of immune recognition, Eur. J. Immunol. 1:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., and Lawton, A. R., 1975a, B-lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. II. Response of fetal lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 115:677.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., and Lawton, A. R., 1975 b, B-lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. I. Generation of cells synthesizing four major immunoglobulin classes, J. Immunol. 115:671.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., Cooper, M. D., and Lawton, A. R., 1976a, B-lymphocyte differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. III. Suppression of B cell maturation by anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies, J. Immunol. 116:1664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., Cooper, M. D., and Lawton, A. R., 1976b, B cell differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide. IV. Development of immunoglobulin class restriction in precursors of IgG-synthesizing cells, J. Immunol. 117:1567.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., Lawton, A. R., and Cooper, M. D., 1977, Multiple immunoglobulin heavy chain expression by LPS stimulated murine B lymphocytes, in: ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. VI, Immune System: Genetics and Regulation (E. Sercarz, L. A. Herzenberg, and C. F. Fox, eds.), pp. 313–320, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, J. F., Klein, J., Bockman, D. E., Cooper, M. D., and Lawton, A. R., 1978, B cell differentiationinduced by lipopolysaccharide. V. Suppression of plasma cell maturation by anti-µ: Mode of action and characteristics of suppressed cells, J. Immunol. 120:158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B. S., and Dray, S., 1973, Expression of the a, x, and y variable region genes of heavy chains among IgG, IgM, and IgA molecules of normal and a locus allotype-suppressed rabbits, J. Immunol. 111:750.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade, P. W., and Cooper, M. D., 1971, Development and distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the chicken: An immunofluorescent analysis using purified antibodies to µ, <sub>γ</sub> and light chains, J. Immunol. 106:371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade, P. W., and Cooper, M. D., 1973, Immunoglobulin A: Site and sequence of expression in developing chicks, Science 179:398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade, P. W., Lawton, A. R., Bockman, D. E., and Cooper, M. D., 1970, Suppression of immunoglobulin G synthesis as a result of antibody-mediated suppression of immunoglobulin M synthesis in chickens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67:1918.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade, P. W., Self, K. S., and Cooper, M. D., 1973, Survival and function of bursa-derived cells in bursectomized chickens, Cell. Immunol. 8:93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinman, N. R., and Press, J. L., 1975a, The B cell specificity repertoire: Its relationship to definable subpopulations, Transplant. Rev. 24:41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinman, N. R., and Press, J. L., 1975b, The characterization of the B-cell repertoire specific for the 2,4dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl determinants in neonatal BALB/c mice, J. Exp. Med. 141:113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinman, N. R., Sigal, N. H., Metcalf, E. S., Pierce, S. K., and Gearhart, P. J., 1977, The interplay of evolution and environment in B-cell diversification, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, W., Boluis, R. L. H., Radl, J., and Jijmans, W., 1973, Independent movement of IgD and IgM molecules on the surface of individual lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 111:1295.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krawinkel, U., Cramer, M., Berek, C., Hämmerling, G., Black, S. J., Rajewsky, K., and Eichmann, K., 1977, On the structure of the T-cell receptor for antigen, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubagawa, H., Vogler, L., Lawton, A., and Cooper, M., 1978, Use of idiotypic antibodies to explore development and differentiation of human B cell clones, Clin. Res. 26:517A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubagawa, H., Vogler, L. B., Capra, J. D., Conrad, M. E., Lawton, A. R., and Cooper, M. D., 1979a, Studies on the clonal origin of multiple myeloma: Use of individually specific (idiotype) antibodies to have the oncogenic event to its earliest point in B cell differentiation, J. Exp. Med. 150:792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaFleur, L., Miller, R. G., and Phillips, R. A., 1972, A quantitative assay for progenitors of bone marrow associated lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 135:1363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, A. R., and Cooper, M. D., 1974, Modification of B lymphocyte differentiation by anti-immunoglobulins, in: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 3 (M. D. Cooper and N. L. Warner, eds.), pp. 193–225, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, A. R., Asofsky, R., Hylton, M. B., and Cooper, M. D., 1972a, Suppression of immunoglobulin class synthesis in mice: I. Effects of treatment with antibody to chain, J. Exp. Med. 135:277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, A. R., Self, K. S., Royal, S. A., and Cooper, M. D., 1972b, Ontogeny of B lymphocytes in the human fetus, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1:104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, A. R., Kincade, P. W., and Cooper, M. D., 1975, Sequential expression of germ line genes in development of immunoglobulin class diversity, Fed. Proc. 34:33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, A. R., Kearney, J. F., and Cooper, M. D., 1978, Control of expression of C region genes during development of B cells, in: Progress in Immunology, III. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Immunology (T. E. Mandel, C. Cheers, C. S. Hoshing, I.F.C., McKenzie, and G.J.V. Nossel, eds.), pp. 171–182, Elsevier/North Holland, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeDouarin, N. M., Houssaint, E., Jotereau, F. V., and Belo, M., 1975, Origin of haemopoetic stem cells in the embryonic bursa of Fabricius and bone marrow studied through intraspecific chimaeras, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:2701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, W., Cosenza, H., and Köhler, H., 1974, Clonal restriction of the immune response to phosphorylcholine, Nature (London) 247:55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, D., and Cooper, M. D., 1980, Mouse pre-B cells synthesize and secrete µ heavy chains but not light chains, Cell 19:617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lydyard, P. M., Grossi, C. E., and Cooper, M. D., 1976, Ontogeny of B cells in the chicken: I. Sequential development of clonal diversity in the bursa, J. Exp. Med. 144:79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mage, R. G., 1971, Structural localization, allelic exclusion, and linkage relationships of rabbit allotypes, Progr. Immunol. 1: 1:47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maki, R., Traunecker, A., Sakano, H., Roeder, W., and Tonegawa, S., 1980, Exon shuffling generates an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:2138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, D. D., and Jutila, J. W., 1972, Immunosuppression of mice injected with heterologous anti-immunoglobulin heavy chain antisera, J. Exp. Med. 135:1316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melchers, F., 1977a, B lymphocyte development in fetal liver. I. Development of reactivities to B cell mitogens “in vivo” and “in vitro,” Eur. J. Immunol. 7:476.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melchers, F., 1977 b, Blymphocyte development in fetal liver. II. Frequencies of precursor B cells during gestation, Eur. J. Immunol. 7:482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melchers, F., von Boehmer, H., and Phillips, R. A., 1975, B-lymphocyte subpopulations in the mouse, Transplant. Rev. 25:26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melchers, F., Andersson, J., and Phillips, R. A., 1977, Ontogeny of murine B lymphocytes: Development of Ig synthesis and of reactivities to mitogens and to anti-Ig-antibodies, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, E. S., and Klinman, N. R., 1976, In vitro tolerance induction of neonatal murine B cells, J. Exp. Med. 143:1327.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, E. S., and Klinman, N. R., 1977, In vitro tolerance induction of bone marrow cells: A marker for B cell maturation, J. Immunol. 118:2111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M. A. S., and Owen, J. J. T., 1966, Experimental studies on the development of the bursa of Fabricius, Dev. Biol. 14:40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moretta, L., Ferrarini, M., and Cooper, M. D., 1978, Characterization of human T cell subpopulations as defined by specific receptors for immunoglobulins, in: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 8 (M. D. Cooper, and N. L. Warner, eds.), pp. 19–53, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mosier, D. E., and Johnson, B. M., 1975, Ontogeny of mouse lymphocyte function. II. Development of the ability to produce antibody is modulated by T lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 141:216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murgita, R., Mattioli, C., and Tomasi, T. B., 1973, Production of a runting syndrome and selective IgA deficiency in mice by the administration of anti-heavy chain antisera, J. Exp. Med. 138:209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naor, D., and Sulitzeanu, D., 1967, Binding of radioiodinated bovine serum albumin to mouse spleen cells, Nature (London) 214:687.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordin, A. A., Cosenza, H., and Sell, S., 1970, Immunoglobulin classes of antibody-forming cells in mice. II. Class restriction of plaque-forming cells demonstrated by replica plating, J. Immunol. 104:495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nossal, G. J. V., and Pike, B. L., 1975, Evidence for the clonal abortion theory of B lymphocyte tolerance, J. Exp. Med. 141:904.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nossal, G. J. V., Szenberg, A., Ada, G. L., and Austin, G. M., 1964, Single cell studies on 19S antibody production, J. Exp. Med. 119:485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nossal, G. J. V., Warner, N. L., and Lewis, H., 1971, Incidence of cells simultaneously secreting IgM and IgG antibody to sheep erythrocytes, Cell. Immunol. 2:41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okos, A. J., and Gathings, W. E., 1977, Characterization of precursor B cells in human bone marrow, Fed. Proc. 36:1294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osmond, D. G., and Nossal, G. J. V., 1974, Differentiation of lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow. II. Kinetics of maturation and renewal of antiglobulin-binding cells studied by double labeling, Cell. Immunol. 13:132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J. T., Cooper, M. D., and Raff, M. C., 1974, In vitro generation of B lymphocytes in mouse foetal liver—A mammalian “bursa equivalent,” Nature (London) 249:361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J. T., Raff, M. C., and Cooper, M. D., 1975, Studies on the generation of B lymphocytes in the mouse embryo, Eur. J. Immunol. 5:468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J. T., Wright, D. E., Habu, S., Raff, M. C., and Cooper, M. D., 1977, Studies on the generation of B lymphocytes in fetal liver and bone marrow, J. Immunol. 118:2067.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perlmutter, R. M., Briles, D. E., and Davie, J. M., 1977, Complete sharing of light chain spectrotypes by murine IgM and IgG anti-streptococcal antibodies, J. Immunol. 118:2161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernis, B., Chiappino, G., Kelus, A. S., and Gell, P. G. H., 1965, Cellular localization of immunoglobulins with different allotypic specificities in rabbit lymphoid tissue, J. Exp. Med. 122:853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernis, B., Forni, L., and Amante, L., 1970, Immunoglobulin spots on the surface of rabbit lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 132:1001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernis, B., Forni, L., and Amante, L., 1971, Immunoglobulins as cell receptors, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 190:420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernis, B., Brouet, J. C., and Selgimann, M., 1974, IgD and IgM on the membrane of lymphoid cells in macroglobulinemia. Evidence for identity of membrane IgD and IgM antibody activity in a case with antiIgG receptors, Eur. J. Immunol. 4:776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernis, B., Forni, L., and Luzzati, A. L., 1977, Synthesis of multiple immunoglobulin classes by single lymphocytes, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, C. W., Solliday, S. M., and Asofsky, R., 1972, Immune responses in vitro. IV. Suppression of primary -γM, -γG, and -γA plaque-forming cell responses in mouse spleen cultures by class-specific antibody to mouse immunoglobulins, J. Exp. Med. 135:675.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, S. K., and Klinman, N. R., 1975, The allogeneic bisection of carrier-specific enhancement of monoclonal B-cell responses, J. Exp. Med. 142:1165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, M., Dreyer, W. J., Kuff, E. L., and McIntire, K. R., 1964, Heritable variation in Bence- Jones protein structure in an inbred strain of mouse, J. Mol. Biol. 8:814.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press, J. L., and Klinman, N. R., 1973, Monoclonal production of both IgM and IgG1 anti-hapten antibody, J. Exp. Med. 138:300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press, J. L., and Klinman, N. R., 1974, Frequency of hapten-specific B cells in neonatal and adult murine spleen cells, Eur. J. Immunol. 4:155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, F. W., 1962, Structural relationships among normal human γ-globulin, myeloma globulins, and Bence-Jones proteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 63:539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., 1977, Development and modulation of B lymphocytes: Studies on newly formed B cells and their putative precursors in the hemopoietic tissues of mice, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41: 159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., Sternberg, M., and Taylor, R. B., 1970, Immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of mouse lymphoid cells, Nature (London) 225:553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., Owens, J. J. T., Cooper, M. D., Lawton, A. R., Megson, M., and Gathings, W. E., 1975, Differences in susceptibility of mature and immature mouse B lymphocytes to anti-immunoglobulininduced immunoglobulin suppression in vitro: Possible implications for B cell tolerance to self, J. Exp. Med. 142:1052.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raff, M. C., Megson, M., Owen, J. J. T., and Cooper, M. D., 1976, Early production of intracellular IgM by B-lymphocyte precursors in mouse, Nature (London) 259:224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. S., Hug, K., Forni, L., and Pernis, B., 1973, Immunoglobulin D as a lymphocyte receptor, J. Exp. Med. 138:965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, D. T., Blakeslee, P. Angala, E., 1974, Acquired immunity in opossum (Didelphis virginiana) embryos, J. Immunol. 112:2148.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryser, J-E., and Vassalli, P., 1974, Mouse bone marrow lymphocytes and their differentiation, J. Immunol. 113:719.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakano, H., Hiippi, K., Heinrich, G., and Tonegawa, S., 1979, Sequences at the somatic recombination sites of immunoglobulin light-chain genes, Nature (London) 280:288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin, W. K., and Rowlands, D. T., Jr., 1975, Determinants of the hierarchy of humoral immune responsiveness during ontogeny, J. Immunol. 115:1549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sidman, C. L., and Unanue, E. R., 1975, Receptor-mediated inactivation of early B lymphocytes, Nature (London) 257:149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigal, N. H, Gearhart, P. J., and Klinman, N. R., 1975, The frequency of phosphorylcholine-specific B cells in conventional and germfree BALB/c mice, J. Immunol. 114:1354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigal, N. H., Gearhart, P. J., Press, J. L., and Klinman, N. R., 1976, The late adquisition of a “germline” antibody specificity, Nature (London) 259:57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein, A. M., Uhr, J. W., Kramer, K. L., and Lukes, R. J., 1963, Fetal response to antigenic stimulus. II. Antibody production by the fetal lamb, J. Exp. Med. 117:799.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spear, P. G., Wang, A., Rutishauser, U., and Edelman, G. M., 1973, Characterization of splenic lymphoid cells in fetal and newborn mice, J. Exp. Med. 138:557.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. B., Duffus, W. P. H., Raff, M. C., and De Petris, S., 1971, Redistribution and pinocytosis of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin molecules induced by anti-immunoglobulin antibody, Nature (London) New Biol. 233:225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tonegawa, S., Brach, C., Hozumi, N., and Pirrotta, V., 1977, Organization of immunoglobulin genes, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 42(Part I):921.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitetta, E. S., Cambier, J., Forman, J., Kettman, J. R., Yuan, D., and Uhr, J. W., 1977, Immunoglobulin receptors on murine B lymphocytes, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, A. C., Wang, I. Y. F., McCormick, J. N., and Fudenberg, H. H., 1969, The identity of light chains of monoclonal IgG and monoclonal IgM in one patient, Immunochemistry 6:451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, A. C., Wilson, S. K., Hopper, J. E., Fudenberg, H. H., and Nisonoff, A., 1970, Evidence for control of synthesis of the variable regions of the heavy chains of immunoglobulins G and M by the same gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 66:337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weigert, M., and Riblet, R., 1977, Genetic control of antibody variable regions, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41:837.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, T. T., and Kabat, E. A., 1970, An analysis of the sequences of the variable regions of Bence-Jones proteins and myeloma light chains and their implications for antibody complementarity, J. Exp. Med. 132:211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lawton, A.R., Kearney, J.F., Cooper, M.D. (1980). Immunoglobulin Diversity. In: Goldberger, R.F. (eds) Biological Regulation and Development. Biological Regulation and Development, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9933-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9933-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9935-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9933-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics