Abstract
According to data summarised by Hemminki et al, in 1979, there were then some 63 000 chemicals in common use, and around 1 000 (or 2 000 according to Shepard, 1979), new compounds are marketed each year. About 7 000 had been tested for carcinogenicity when they wrote, and Maugh (1978) estimated the rate of such necessary tests at around 500 a year. The only source of direct information on the teratogenic effects of various substances on humans is epidemiological, so that it rests on an accumulation of family tragedies (Taussig, 1962; Saxén and Rapola, 1969; Weatherall and Haskey, 1976).
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Clayton, R.M., Zehir, A. (1982). The Use of Cell Culture Methods for Exploring Teratogenic Susceptibility. In: Snell, K. (eds) Developmental Toxicology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9790-2_3
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