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Formation and Characterization of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons

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Cleaner Combustion

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Issues concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) carcinogenicity, and their important role in formation of dangerous pollutants, such as soot, have motivated their study under a wide range of laboratory conditions and for several kinds of thermochemical processes. Every experimental system, depending on the operating conditions, demands a specific protocol for PAH determination. This chapter aims to contribute to the knowledge of different procedures for PAH quantification both at the gas phase and when they are associated with soot particles. Different kinds of experimental set-ups for PAH formation together with the collection systems to capture them are explained here. Besides, some sample extraction techniques are reviewed, mainly focused on Soxhlet extraction because of its inexpensive equipment and overall simplicity to be applied by staff with limited analytical experience. Chromatographic techniques are also considered, paying special attention to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), popular in PAH analysis.

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Abbreviations

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

HACA:

H-abstraction/C2H2 addition route

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

EPA–PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons classified by EPA as priority pollutants

PUF:

Polyurethane foam

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

DCM:

Dichloromethane

ASE:

Accelerated solvent extraction

SFE:

Supercritical fluid extraction

GPT:

Thermochemical Processes Group

I3A:

Aragón Institute of Engineering Research

HPLC–UV:

Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph with ultraviolet detection

FID:

Flame ionization detection

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring

SRM:

Standard reference material

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Acknowledgments

This work has been performed at the Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A) of the University of Zaragoza in the frame of the Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT). The authors express their gratitude to the MICINN, FEDER (Project CTQ2009-12205), Aragón Government and European Social Fund (ESF), for financial support. Ms N.E. Sánchez acknowledges the Banco Santander Central Hispano, University of Zaragoza and the Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology (COLCIENCIAS) for the predoctoral grant awarded.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Nazly E. Sánchez, Alicia Callejas, Jesús Salafranca, Ángela Millera, Rafael Bilbao & María U. Alzueta

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  1. Nazly E. Sánchez
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  2. Alicia Callejas
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  3. Jesús Salafranca
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  4. Ángela Millera
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  5. Rafael Bilbao
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  6. María U. Alzueta
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Correspondence to María U. Alzueta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Reactions et Genie des Proce, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France

    Frédérique Battin-Leclerc

  2. Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    John M. Simmie

  3. Department of Energy Sciences, Division, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

    Edward Blurock

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Sánchez, N.E., Callejas, A., Salafranca, J., Millera, Á., Bilbao, R., Alzueta, M.U. (2013). Formation and Characterization of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons. In: Battin-Leclerc, F., Simmie, J., Blurock, E. (eds) Cleaner Combustion. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5307-8_11

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