Abstract
The surgical treatment of incontinence remains somewhat empirical although considerable advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of the condition in recent years1. The purpose of this chapter is to characterise this disorder and to put into perspective the numerous procedures that have been described for the treatment of this condition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Henry MM, Swash M, Phillips RKS et al. (1992) Faecal incontinence. In: Henry MM, Swash M (eds) Coloproctology and the pelvic floor, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 257–304.
Farouk R, Duthie GS, MacGregor AB, Bartolo DCC (1994) Evidence of electro-mechanical dissociation of the internal anal sphincter in idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 37:595–601.
Sun WM, Read NW, Miner PB, Kerrigan DD, Donelly TC (1990) The role of transient internal sphincter relaxation in faecal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis 5:31–36.
Read NW (1990) Functional assessment of the anorectum in faecal incontinence. In: Neurobiology of incontinence. Wiley, Chichester, pp 119–138 (Ciba Foundation Symposium 151).
Bartolo DCC, Duthie GS (1990) The physiological evaluation of operative repair for incontinence and prolapse. In: Neurobiology of incontinence. Wiley, Chichester, pp 223–245 (Ciba Foundation Symposium 151).
Bartolo DCC, Roe AM, Virjee J, Mortensen NJMcC (1985) Evacuation proctography in obstructed defecation and rectal intussusception. Br J Surg 72(Suppl): SI 11—SI 16.
Tjandra JJ, Milsom JW, Schroeder T, Fazio VW (1993) Endoluminal ultrasound is preferable to electromyography in mapping anal sphincter defects. Dis Colon Rectum 36:689–692.
Law PJ, Kamm MA, Bartram CI (1991) Anal endosonography in the investigation of fecal incontinence. Br J Surg 78:312–314.
Mann CV, Glass RE (1991) Technique of anal sphincter repair. In: Mann CV, Glass RE (eds) Surgical treatment of anal incontinence. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 103–106.
Miller NF, Brown GL (1937) The surgical treatment of complete perineal tears in the female. Am J Obstet Gynecol 34:196–209.
Leider S, Paskin H (1951) Post-operative traumatic anal incontinence. Ann Surg 133:240–243.
Blaisdell PC (1950) Plastic repair of the incontinent sphincter ani. Am J Surg 79:174–183.
Parks AG, McPartlin JF (1971) Late repair of injuries of the anal sphincter. Proc R Soc Med 64:1187–1189.
Slade MS, Goldberg SM, Schottler JL, et al. (1977) Sphincteroplasty for acquired anal inconctinence. Dis Colon Rectum 20:33–35.
Fang DT, Nivatvongs S, Vermeulen FD, Herman FN, Goldberg SM, Rothenberger DA (1984) Overlapping sphincteroplasty for acquired anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 27:720–722.
Browning GGP, Motson RW (1983) Results of Parks’s operation for faecal incontinence. Br Med J 286:1873–1875.
Keighley MRB, Fielding IWL (1983) Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment. Br J Surg 70:463–468.
Ctercteko GH, Fazio VW, Jagelman DG, Lavery IC, Weakley FL, Melia M (1988) Anal sphincter repair: a report of 60 cases and review of the literature. Aust NZ J Surg 58:703–710.
Miller R, Orrom WJ, Cornes H, Duthie GS, Bartolo DCC (1989) Anterior sphincter plication and levatorplasty in the treatment of faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 76:1058–1060.
Sitzler PJ, Thomson JPS (1996) Overlap repair of damaged anal sphincter: a single surgeon’s series. Dis Colon Rectum 39:1356–1360.
Sangwan YP, Coller JA, Barrett RC et al. (1996) Unilateral pudendal neuropathy: impact on outcome of anal sphincter repair. Dis Colon Rectum 39:686–689.
Wexner SD, Marchetti F, Jagelman DG (1991) The role of sphincteroplasty for faecal incontinence reevaluated: a prospective physiologic and functional review. Dis Colon Rectum 34:22–30.
Osterberg A, Graf W, Holmberg A, Pahlman L, Ljung A, Hakelius L (1996) Long-term results of anterior levatorplasty for faecal incontinence: a retrospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 39:671–675.
Parks AG (1975) Anorectal incontinence. Proc R Soc Med 68:681–690.
Duthie GS, Bartolo DCC (1992) Faecal continence and defaecation. In: Henry MM, Swash M (eds) Coloproctology and the pelvic floor, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 86–97.
Bartolo DCC, Roe AM, Locke-Edmunds JC, Virjee J, Mortensen NJMcC (1986) Flap-valve theory of anorectal incontinence. Br J Surg 73:1012–1014.
Miller R, Bartolo DCC, Locke-Edmunds JC, Mortensen NJMcC (1988) Prospective study of conservative and operative treatment for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 75:101–105.
Orrom WJ, Miller R, Cornes H, Duthie GS, Mortensen NJMcC, Bartolo DCC (1991) Comparison of anterior sphincteroplasty and post-anal repair in the treatment of idiophatic faecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 34:305–310.
Browning GGP, Parks AG (1983). Post-anal repair for neuropathic faecal incontinence: correlation of clinical results and anal canal pressures. Br J Surg 70:101–104.
Yoshioka K, Keighley MRB (1989) Critical assessment of the quality of continence after post-anal repair for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 76:1054–1057.
Womack NR, Morrison JFB, Williams NS (1988) A prospective study of the effects of post-anal repair in neurogenic faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 75:48–52.
Rainey JB, Donaldson DR, Thomson JPS (1990) Post-anal repair: which patients derive most benefit?. J R Coll Surg Edinb 35:101–105.
Yoshioka K, Hyland G, Keighley MRB (1988) Physiological changes after post-anal repair and parameters predicting outcome. Br J Surg 75:1220–1224.
Christiansen J, Sorensen M, Rasmussen OO (1990) Gracilis muscle transposition for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 77:1039–1040.
Pickrell KL (1959) Gracilis muscle transplant for the correction of neurogenic rectal incontinence. Surg Clin North Am 39:1405.
Leguit P Jr, van Baal JG, Brummelkamp WH (1985) Gracilis muscle transposition in the treatment of faecal incontinence; long-term follow-up and evaluation of anal pressure recordings. Dis Colon Rectum 28:1–4.
Corman ML (1985) Gracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence: late results. Br J Surg 72 (Suppl):21–22.
Faucheron JL, Hannoun L, Thome C, Parc R (1994) Is fecal continence improved by non-stimulated gracilis muscle transposition? Dis Colon Rectum 37:979–983.
Yoshioka K, Keighley MRB (1988) Clinical and manometric assessment of gracilis muscle transplant for faecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 31:767–769.
Konsten J, Baeten CG, Havenith MG, Soeters PB (1993) Morphology of dynamic graciloplasty compared with the anal sphincter. Dis Colon Rectum 36:559–563.
Baeten CG, Geerdes BP, Adang EM et al. (1995) Anal dynamic graciloplasty in the treatment of intractable fecal incontinence. N Engl J Med 332:1600–1605.
Konsten J, Baeten CG, Spaans F, Havenith MG, Soeters PB (1993) Follow-up of anal dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence. World J Surg 17:404–408.
Williams NS, Patel J, George BD, Hallan RI, Watkins ES (1991) Development of an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter. Lancet 338:1166–1169.
Seccia M, Menconi C, Balestri R, Cavina E (1994) Study protocols and functional results in 86 electrostimulated graciloplasties. Dis Colon Rectum 37:897–904.
Wexner SD, Gonzalez-Padron A, Rius J, Teoh TA, Cheong DM, Nogueras JJ (1996) Stimulated gracilis neosphincter operation: initial experience, pitfalls and complications. Dis Colon Rectum 39:957–964.
Pearl RK, Prasad ML, Nelson RL, Orsay CP, Abcarian H (1991) Bilateral gluteus maximus transposition for anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 34:478–481.
Devesa JM, Vicente E, Enriquez JM et al. (1992) Total fecal incontinence - a new method of gluteus maximus transposition: preliminary results and report of previous experience with similar procedures. Dis Colon Rectum 35:339–341.
Christiansen J, Ronholt Hansen H, Rasmussen O (1995) Bilateral gluteus maximus transposition for anal incontinence. Br J Surg 82:903–905.
Christiansen J, Lorentzen M (1989) Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence: report of five cases. Dis Colon Rectum 32:432–436.
Christiansen J, Sparso B (1992) Treatment of anal incontinence by an implantable prosthetic anal sphincter. Ann Surg 215:383–386.
Wong WD, Jensen LL, Bartolo DCC, Rothenberger DA (1996) Artificial anal sphincter. Dis Colon Rectum 39:1345–1351.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Santoro, G.A., Bartolo, D.C.C. (2000). Incontinence Surgery. In: Beynon, J., Carr, N.D. (eds) Recent Advances in Coloproctology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0731-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0731-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1190-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-0731-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive