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Diversity in Hearing in Fishes: Ecoacoustical, Communicative, and Developmental Constraints

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Insights from Comparative Hearing Research

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 49))

Abstract

Fishes evolved a large diversity of hearing sensitivities. This diversity is linked mainly to differences in the way the inner ear is connected to gas-filled cavities such as the swim bladder. A close connection via accessory hearing structures such as Weberian ossicles results in higher auditory sensitivity or an expansion of the detectable frequency range or in both.

Hearing enhancements might be related to the detection of conspecific vocalizations. However, a comparison of hearing abilities in fish with and without accessory hearing structures does not support this notion. Fish can possess enhanced hearing abilities independently of their ability to produce sounds and communicate acoustically.

Differences of the ambient noise regimes of aquatic habitats seem to be a more likely explanation for the diversity in hearing abilities. Low ambient noise levels most likely facilitated the evolution of accessory hearing structures, allowing fish to detect low level abiotic and biotic sounds emanating from con- and heterospecifics, including predators and prey items. The “ecoacoustical constraints hypothesis” postulates that the fish’s hearing sensitivity is adapted to the ambient noise in their habitat.

Fishes show major changes in hearing during ontogenetic development. In several nonrelated taxa an improvement in sensitivity within the first weeks of life was described. In others an expansion of the detectable frequency range or even no change at all have been observed. The ontogenetic changes in sensitivity do not seem to correlate to the changes in sound production and thus do not facilitate acoustic communication during ontogenetic development.

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Acknowledgments

The author was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF grant 22319).

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  1. Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Friedrich Ladich

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  1. School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Christine Köppl

  2. School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Geoffrey A. Manley

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Ladich, F. (2013). Diversity in Hearing in Fishes: Ecoacoustical, Communicative, and Developmental Constraints. In: Köppl, C., Manley, G., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Insights from Comparative Hearing Research. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 49. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/2506_2013_26

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