Abstract
The high-altitude Himalayan regions are unique micro-climatic and geographic separations that have precise agro-technical needs, which is quite different from other agro-climacteric zones of India for vegetable production. In such marginal degraded regions mainly drought stress causes significant harmful effect on survival, biomass production and yields of vegetable crops up to 70%. Since drought tolerance is quantitative and multigenic in nature, a massive challenge exists to solve this problem. The use of N-fixing growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in place of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) is a promising approach to increase the plant productivity by naturally increasing nitrogen content of soil and also not leads to deterioration of the soil micro-flora and environment. In this attempt, this chapter highlights the importance of promising indigenous Frankia sp. strains (potential N-fixing PGPR) isolated from the root nodules of Casuarina plant of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. Also, the effect of bio-inoculation of isolated Frankia sp. strains has been demonstrated to improve PEG-mediated drought stress tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa ruby) for improving sustainable hill agriculture in rain fed conditions. This successful model may be useful for improving the productivity of other crops grown in drought prone regions of Himalaya.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ainsworth EA, Gillespie KM (2007) Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Nat Protoco 2:875–877
Akkermans ADL, Hahn D, Baker DD (1991) The family FRANKIAceae. In: Balows et al (eds) The prokaryotes, vol II. Springer, Berlin, pp 1069–1084
Akkermans ADL, Huss-Danell K, Roelofsen W, Blom J (1982) The carbon and nitrogen metabolism of FRANKIA in pure culture and in root nodules. Proceeding of 2nd National Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Helsinki
Arora NK, Tewari S, Singh S, Lal N, Maheshwari DK. (2012) PGPR for protection of plant health under saline conditions. In: Bacteria in agrobiology: stress management. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 239–258
Baker D, William LP, Torrey JG (1981) Immunochemical analysis of relationship among isolated FRANKIAe (Actinomycetales). Int J Syst Bacteriol 31:148–151
Bates LS (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–205
Becking JH (1970) Plant endophyte symbiosis in non-leguminous plants. 2nd Conf. global impact of applied microbiology. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Plant Soil 32:611–654
Bell DS (1979) Future potential for use of symbiotic N2 fixation in forest management. In: Gordon JC, Wheeler CT, Perry DA (eds) Symbiotic N2 fixation in the management of temperate forests. Oregon State University, Cornvallis, pp 451–466
Beneduzi A, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LM (2012) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genet Mol Biol 35:1044–1051
Benson DR, Silvester WB (1993) Biology of Frankia strains actinomycete symbionts of actinorhizal plants. Microbiol Rev 57:319–393
Blom J (1981) Utilisation of fatty acids and NH4+ by FRANKIA AVCII. FEMS Microbiol Lett 10:143–145
Blom J, Harkink R (1981) Metabolic pathway for luconeogenesis and energy generation in FRANKIA Avcll. FEMS Microbiol Lett 11:221–224
Blom J, Roelofsen W, Akkermans ADL (1980) Growth of FRANKIA AvCll on media containing BETWEEN-80 as carbon source. FEMS Microbiol Lett 9:131–135
Bomar M, Hermans J, Meesters TM, van den Bos RC, Zehnder AJB (1989) Similarities among nitrogenase proteins and among nif-HDK genes of Methanosarcina barkari and of other diazotrophic bacteria. Curr Microbiol 19:35–38
Bond G (1983) Taxonomy and distribution of non-legume nitrogenfaxing system. In: Gorden JC, Wheeler CT (eds) Biological nitrogen fixation on forestecosystem. Foundations and Applications, The Hauge
Burggraaf AJP, Shipton WA (1983) Studies on the growth of FRANKIA isolates in relation to infectivity and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction). Can J Bot 61:2774–2782
Burleigh SH, Dawson JO (1994) Desiccation tolerance and trehalose production in Frankia hyphae. Soil Biol Biochem 26:593–598
Campbell WH (1988) Nitrate reductase and its role in nitrate assimilation in plants. Physiol Plant 74:214–219
Carole S, Bogusz D, Franche C (2013) Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants. Ann Bot 111:743–767
Chanway CP, Anand R, Yang H (2014) Nitrogen fixation outside and inside plant tissues. In: Ohyama T (ed) Advances in biology and ecology of nitrogen fixation. Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, pp 3–23
Diem HG, Dommergues YR (1983) The isolation of FRANKIA from nodules of Casuarina. Can J Bot 61:2822–2825
Fernandez MP, Meugnier H, Grimnot PAP, Bardin R (1989) DNA relatedness in the genus FRANKIA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:424–429
Ganesh G (1997) Nitrogenase activity in novel vesicles of Frankia. Curr Sci 73:814–815
Gauthier D, Diem HG, Dommergues Y (1981) In vitro N2 fixation by two actinomycete strains isolated from Casuarina nodules. Appl Environ Microbiol 41:306–308
Gauthier D, Diem HG, Dommergues YR, Gangry F (1985) Assessment of N2 fixation by Casuarina equisetifolia inoculated with FRANKIA ORSO 21001 using N15 methods. Soil Biol Biochem 17:375–379
Ghodhbane-Gtari F et al (2019) The plant-growth-promoting actinobacteria of the genus Nocardia induces root nodule formation in Casuarina glauca. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112(1):75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1147-0
Goodfellow M (1986) Actinomycete systematics, present state and future prospects: biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of Actinomycetes. FEMS Symposium Budapest, pp. 487–496
Gtari M, Benson DR, Nouioui I, Dawson JO, Gtari FG (2019a) 19th international meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:1–4
Gtari M, Nouioui I, Sarkar I et al (2019b) An update on the taxonomy of the genus Frankia Brunchorst, 1886, 174AL. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:5–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1165-y
Gueddou A, Swanson E, Hezbri K et al (2019) Draft genome sequence of the symbiotic Frankia sp. strain BMG5.30 isolated from root nodules of Coriaria myrtifolia in Tunisia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1138-1
Gupta SM, Grover A, Ahmed Z (2012) Identification of abiotic stress responsive genes from Indian high-altitude Lepidium latifolium L. Def Sci J 62:315–318
Gupta SM, Singh S, Pandey P, Grover A, Ahmed Z (2013) Semi-quantitative analysis of transcript accumulation in response to drought stress by Lepidium latifolium seedlings. Plant Signal Behav 8:e25388
Hahn D, Nickel A, Dawson J (1999) Assessing FRANKIA population in plants and soils using molecular methods. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 29:215–227
Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I – kinetics and stoiciometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198
Henry MF (1977) Cytologie ultrasturcurale de l’ endophyte present dans les nodusites redicularies. de Myrica gale L. Bull Soc Bot Fr 124:291–300
Hocher V, Ngom M, Carré-Mlouka A et al (2019) Signalling in actinorhizal root nodule symbioses. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:23–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1182-x
Horriere F (1984) In vitro physiological approach to classfication of FRANKIA isolates of Alnus group, based on urease, protease and β-glusosidase activities. Plant Soil 78:7–13
Jones D, McHardy WJ, Wilson MJ, Cooper GI (1989) Scanning electron microscopy of calcium rich crystals in FRANKIA root nodules of Alnus glutinosa saplings. Micron Microsc Acta 20:33–36
Kalia A, Gosal SK (2011) Effect of pesticide application on soil microorganisms. Arch Agron Soil Sci 57:569–596
Khatri D, Durgapal A, Gupta SM (2012) Characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.). Biochem Cell Arch 12:303–306
Krumholz GD, Chval MS, McBride MJ, Tisa LS (2003) Germination and physiological properties of FRANKIA spores. Plant Soil 254:57–67
Kucho KI, Tobita H, Ikebe M, Shibata M, Imaya A, Kabeya D, Morisada K (2019) Frankia communities at revegetating sites in Mt. Ontake, Japan. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112(1):91–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1151-4
Kumar A, Pareek A, Gupta SM (2012) Biotechnology in medicine and agriculture: principles and practices. I. K. International publishing house Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. (ISBN: 9789381141403)
Kumar A, Pathak RK, Gupta SM, Gaur VS, Pandey D (2015) Systems biology for smart crops and agricultural innovation: filling the gaps between genotype and phenotype for complex traits linked with robust agricultural productivity and sustainability. OMICS J Integr Biol 19:581–601
Lalonde M, Simon L, Bousquet J, Seguin A (1988) Advances in taxonomy of FRANKIA. In: Bothe et al (eds) Nitrogenfixation. Gustav Fischer Verlag, FRG, Struttgart, pp 671–680
Laurent L, Lalonde M (1987) Isolation and characterisation of FRANKIA strains isolated from Myrica gale. Can J Bot 65:1356–1363
Lechevalier MP (1983) Cataloging FRANKIA strains. Can J Microbiol 61:2964–2967
Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier HA (1989) Genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174 AL. In: Williams ST, Sharp ME, Holt JG (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 2410–2417
Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier HA (1984) Taxonomy of FRANKIA. In: Ortiz-Ortiz L, Bojalil LF, Yakoleff V (eds) Biological, biochemical, and biomedical aspects of Actinomycetes. Academic, New York, pp 575–582
Li CY, Lu KC, Trappe JM, Bollen WB (1972) Poria Weirii–inhibiting and other phenolic compounds in roots of red alder and Douglas – fir. Microbios 5:65–68
Ligon J, Nakas JP (1987) Isolation and characterization of FRANKIA sp. strain FaC1 genes involved in nitrogen fixation. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2321–2327
Lopez MF, Torrey JG (1985) Enzymes of glucose metabolism in FRANKIA sp. J Bacteriol 162:110–116
Mort A, Normand P, Lalonde M (1982) 2-O-methyl – Dmannose, a key sugar in the taxonomy of FRANKIA. Can J Microbiol 29:993–1002
Muller AP, Benoist P, Diem HG, Schwencke J (1991) Age dependent changes in extracellular protein, amino peptidase and proteinase activities in FRANKIA isolates BR. J Gen Microbiol 137:2787–2796
Murry MA, Zhang Z, Torrey JG (1985) Effect of O2 on vesicle formation, acetylene reduction and O2 uptake kinetics in FRANKIA sp. HFP Cc13 isolated from Casuarinacunninghamiana. Can J Microbiol 31:804–809
Newcomb W (1981) Fine structure of root of Dryas drummondii. Richards (Rosaceae). Can J Bot 59:2500–2514
Newcomb W, Baker D, Torrey JG (1987) Ontogeny and fine structure of effective root nodules of the autumn olive (Elaegnus umbellata). Can J Bot 65:80–94
Noridge NA, Benson DR (1986) Isolation and nitrogen fixing activity of FRANKIA sp. strain cpll vesicles. J Bacteriol 166:301–305
Nouioui I, Ghodhbane-Gtari F, Jando M, Tisa LS, Klenk H-P, Gtari M (2019) Frankia torreyi sp. nov., the first actinobacterium of the genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174 AL isolated in axenic culture. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112(1):57–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1131-8
Perradin Y, Mollet MJ, Lalonde M (1983) Influence of phenolics on invitro growth of FRANKIA strain. Can J Bot 61:2807–2814
Pesce C, Kleiner VA, Tisa LS (2019) Simple colony PCR procedure for the filamentous actinobacteria Frankia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:109–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1155-0
Rao NS (1998) Isolation and characteristics of FRANKIA. In: Soil microbiology. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, pp. 236–238
Rao NS, Rodriguez Barrueco C (1995) Microbial associations. In: Casuarinas. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 60–166
Ribeiro-Barros AI, Catarino S, Moura I, Ramalho JC, Romeiras MM, Ghodhbane-Gtari F (2019) Actinorhizal trees and shrubs from Africa: distribution, conservation and uses. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:31–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1174-x
Robertson GP, Vitousek PM (2009) Nitrogen in agriculture: balancing the cost of an essential resource. Annu Rev Env Resour 34:97–125
Sarkar I, Gtari M, Tisa LS, Sen A (2019) A novel phylogenetic tree based on the presence of protein domains in selected actinobacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112(1):101–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1154-1
Sarma G, Misra AK (2002) Mixed genotypes in some axenic cultures of FRANKIA. Indian J Microbiol 41:11–14
Sarma HK, Sharma BK, Tiwari SC (2003) A novel calcimycin antibiotic from gram positive actinomycete FRANKIA microsymboint. Curr Sci 85:1401–1403
Sayed WF (2011) Improving Casuarina growth and symbiosis with Frankia under different soil and environmental conditions. Folia Microbiol 56:1–9
Sellestedt A, Mattson U (1994) Hydrogen metabolism Casuarina FRANKIA: immunolocalization of nitrogenase and hydrogenase. Soil Biol Biochem 26:583–592
Sellestedt A, Huss DK, Ahlquist AS (1986) N2 fixation and biomass production in symbiosis between Alnus incana and FRANKIA strains with hydrogen melatolism. Physiol Plant 66:99–107
Sen A, Tisa LS, Gtari M, Sarkar I (2019) Contrasted evolutionary constraints on carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) in selected Frankia strains. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1173-y
Senthil KM, Satyanarayana T, Annapurna K (2012) Bioinoculant technology. In: Kumar A, Pareek A, Gupta SM (eds) Biotechnology in medicine and agriculture: principles and practices. I. K. International publishing house Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp 586–612
Shridhar BS (2012) Reveiw: nitrogen fixing microorganisms. Int J Microbiol Res 3:46–52
Simonet P, Haurat J, Normand P, Burdin R, Moirud A (1984) Localisation of nif genes in a large plasmid in FRANKIA sp. strain. Mol Gen Gennet 204:492–495
Simonet P, Grosjean MC, Misra AK, Nazaret S, Cournoyer B, Normand P (1991) Frankia genus-specific characterization by polymerase chain reaction. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:3278–3286
Srivastava A, Singh SS, Mishra AK (2012) Sodium transport and mechanism(s) of sodium tolerance in Frankia strains. J Basic Microbiol 52:1–2
Steele DB, Stowers MD (1986) SOD and catalase in FRANKIA. Can J Microbiol 32:409–413
Tani C, Sasakawa H (2003) Salt tolerance of Casuarina equisetifolia and Frankia Ceq1 strain isolated from the root nodules of C. equisetifolia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 49:215–222
Taveres F, Bernardo L, Sellestedt A (2003) Identification and expression studies of a catalase and a bifunctional catalase peroxidase on FRANKIA strain R 43. Plant Soil 254:75–81
Taveres F, Sellstedt A (2000) A sample, rapid and nondestructive procedure to extract cell wall associated proteins from FRANKIA. J Microbiol Methods 39:171–178
Tisa LS, Ensign JC (1987) Formation and regeneration of protoplasts of the actinorhizal nitrogen fixing actinomycete FRANKIA. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:53–56
Tjepkema JD (1984) O2, hemoglobin and energy usage in actinorhizal nodules. In: Veeger C, Newton WE (eds) Advances in nitrogen fixation research. Martinus Nijhoff, The Haugue, pp 467–473
Tjepkema JD, Ormerod W, Torrey JG (1980) Vesicle formation and acetylene reduction activity in FRANKIA CPII cultured in defined nutrient media. Nature 287:633–635
Tyson JH, Silver WS (1979) Relationship of ultrastructure to acetylene reduction in root nodules of Casuarina. Bot Gaz 140:44–48
Udwary DW, Gontang EA, Jones AC et al (2011) Significant natural product biosynthetic potential of actinorhizal symbionts of the genus Frankia, as revealed by comparative genomic and proteomic analyses. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:3617–3625
Van Dijk C (1978) Spore formation and endophyte diversity in root nodules of Alnus glutinosa (L) Vill. New Phytol 81:601–615
Watanabe S, Kojima K, Ide Y, Sasaki S (2000) Effects of saline and osmotic stress on proline and sugar accumulation in Populus euphratica in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 63:199–206
Wheeler CT, McLaughlin ME, Steele P (1981) A comparison of symbiotic N2 fixation in Alnus glutinosa and Alnus rubra. Plant Soil 61:169–188
Wheeler CT, Miller IM (1990) Current and potential uses of actinorhizal plants. In: Schumter CR, Europe JD (eds) Biology of FRANKIA and Actinorhizal Plants. Accedemic, Tyepkema Neuyork, pp 365–389
Yang Y, Shipton WA, Reddell P (1997) Effects of phosphorus supply on in vitro growth and phosphatase activity of FRANKIA isolates from Casuarina. Plant soil 189:75–79
Zhang X, Benson DR (1992) Utilisation of amino acids by FRANKIA sp strain Cpll. Arch Microbiol 158:256–261
Zhong C, Zhang Y, Wei Y et al (2019) The role of Frankia inoculation in casuarina plantations in China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1205-7
Acknowledgments
Financial assistance received from Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India is duly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gupta, S.M., Kumar, K., Joshi, R.K., Gupta, S., Bala, M. (2020). Frankia: A Promising N-Fixing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Improved Drought Tolerance in Crops at Higher Altitude. In: Goel, R., Soni, R., Suyal, D. (eds) Microbiological Advancements for Higher Altitude Agro-Ecosystems & Sustainability. Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1902-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1902-4_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1901-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1902-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)