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Microbes and Processes in Bioremediation of Soil

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Microbes and Enzymes in Soil Health and Bioremediation

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 16))

Abstract

Environmental pollution has been increasing at an alarming rate since the beginning of the twenty-first century. There is an enormous increase in the production and use of xenobiotic compounds that have created new sites of environmental contamination and problem worsens as many of such xenobiotic compounds are either persistent or recalcitrant to microbial breakdown. The presence of anthropogenic organic compounds/chemicals in the environment is a matter of significant concern because of their potential toxicity, mutagenicity, and bioconcentration (biomagnification) in higher organisms. This is of immense concern and hence provides impetus to the development of certain remediation techniques. Various microorganisms play a key role in the bioremediation of soil and may range from bacteria majorly to a few actinomycetes and fungi. Bioremediation can be carried out via two main approaches, ex situ and in situ, and choice of method depends largely on site characteristics, concentration, and type of pollutants present. To enhance the remediation process, a more recent approach called bioaugmentation is also practiced. Bioaugmentation trials have met varying degrees of success. This chapter will largely focus on various microorganisms which are potent biomediators and also the processes involved in the same.

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Acknowledgments

The Fellowship granted to Mr. Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj in the form of SRF from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, is thankfully acknowledged.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Tarun Gangar, Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj & Reena Gupta

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  1. Tarun Gangar
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  2. Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj
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  3. Reena Gupta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ashok Kumar

  2. University Institute of Biotechnology (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Swati Sharma

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Gangar, T., Bhardwaj, K.K., Gupta, R. (2019). Microbes and Processes in Bioremediation of Soil. In: Kumar, A., Sharma, S. (eds) Microbes and Enzymes in Soil Health and Bioremediation. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 16. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9117-0_2

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