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Bioremediation of Soil: An Overview

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Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management

Abstract

The bioaccumulation of contaminants in soil causes toxicity to human, animals, microorganisms, and plants. Environmental biotechnology such as composting and wastewater treatment is not a new field, yet the recent fields are molecular biology and ecology. Bioremediation uses microorganisms (which may be indigenous or isolated from any other site), naturally occurring bacteria, fungi and plants to degrade or detoxify the contaminants (hazardous to human health and environment) into less toxic forms. Bioaugmentation process is used when microorganisms are imported to a contaminated site to enhance the detoxification. Public considers it more efficient than other technologies because bioremediation is based on natural attenuation. Bioremediation has certain limits such as high aromatic hydrocarbons are resistant to microbial attack. Bioremediation system mostly runs under aerobic conditions. Important factors include availability of contaminants to the microbial population and the environmental factors (pH, temperature, soil type, nutrients and presence of oxygen). Recent strategies for bioremediation include in situ bioremediation (these techniques are applied to soil at the site with minimal disturbance) and ex situ bioremediation (these techniques are applied to soil at the site which has been removed from the site through excavation). Bioremediation is a natural process and therefore has certain advantages along with some disadvantages. Phytoremediation, on the other hand, is the use of plants and their associated microbes for cleaning up the environment. This chapter develops the better understanding of bioremediation of soil, bioremediation strategies, especially the phytoremediation mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Shafeeqa Irfan, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha & Bakhtawar Shafique

  2. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan Ullah

  3. Pakistan Cricket Board, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ali Raza Siddiqui

  4. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Lufeng Wang

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  1. Shafeeqa Irfan
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  2. Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha
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  3. Bakhtawar Shafique
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Correspondence to Lufeng Wang .

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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bijbehara, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

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Irfan, S., Ranjha, M.M.A.N., Shafique, B., Ullah, M.I., Siddiqui, A.R., Wang, L. (2022). Bioremediation of Soil: An Overview. In: Malik, J.A. (eds) Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89984-4_1

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