Abstract
Soil fertility and its productivity are the two pillars for maintaining agricultural output and it is a measure of soil performance. Growing concerns about climate change have recently focused on the fate of high-performance soils . Soil biological health is an important aspect of agricultural productivity and a global concern due to its vulnerability to climate change impacts. We reviewed the current knowledge on soil health related to organic carbon and biological resources, particularly microorganisms and their effects on potential agricultural productivity. We critically reviewed the challenges associated with changing climate and outlined emerging technologies to help maintain high-performance soils . Our main finding is the adverse impact of climate change on soil microbiota resulting in less than optimal soil functionality. Alteration of bacterial community composition and fungal colonisation patterns in the rhizosphere and soil-root interface cause suboptimal nutrient availability for plant growth. Several green and climatically benign soil amendments can be implemented to obtain high-performance soils under extreme climatic conditions. Minerals and rocks, such as clay mineral, zeolite, mineral formulation, organic and biological inoculation could be helpful to maintain or enhance soil fertility particularly in the event of soil warming and drought . Besides the traditional postulates on climate changes , we uncover further challenges such as chemical pollutants in the environment and important research areas to improve our understandings on climate change-driven soil productivity . The remedy to this is to probably adopt green and efficient technologies to enhance the soil productivity over limited non-renewable agricultural landscape.
Author deceased in January 2019. Professor Lily Pereg was expert in soil microbial ecology with long-standing experience. We have lost a very active scientist in this field. All co-authors extend the deepest condolence to family, friends and colleagues of Prof Pereg.
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Biswas, B., Nirola, R., Biswas, J.K., Pereg, L., Willett, I.R., Naidu, R. (2019). Environmental Microbial Health Under Changing Climates: State, Implication and Initiatives for High-Performance Soils. In: Lal, R., Francaviglia, R. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 29. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26265-5_1
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