Abstract
Percutaneous absorption is a complex process by which molecules traverse the stratum corneum or barrier layer of skin, pass through the viable layers and finally leave via the skin’s microcirculation. When the penetrant is directly toxic to the skin, a more complicated series of events can lead to skin irritation. However, if a substance cannot reach the viable layers of the skin, irritation will not result. If we can identify which factors are the most important for predicting skin penetration potential, we will establish some of the necessary conditions for toxic events subsequent to penetration of the barrier layer.
In previous work, we firmly established pig skin as predictive of human skin absorption. Building on this data base, we developed a promising empirical relationship between penetration, molecular weight and vapor pressure for organic molecules applied to skin in volatile solvents.
Using benzoic acid as a model penetrant, we demonstrated decreases in barrier function of skin with exposure to a complex mixture known to cause skin irritation. Also, we were able to evaluate the rate of barrier function recovery subsequent to exposure to the mixture.
Using a radiolabeled vesicant, we were able to show a correlation between the incidence of penetration of radiolabel through excised pig skin and the occurrence of skin irritation/inflammation in vivo. With the addition of data for other compounds and vehicles, it will be possible to develop a general model for assessing skin absorption and irritation potential.
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Reifenrath, W.G., Kemppainen, B.W., Palmer, W.G. (1996). An in vitro Pig Skin Model for Predicting Human Skin Penetration and Irritation Potential. In: Tumbleson, M.E., Schook, L.B. (eds) Advances in Swine in Biomedical Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5885-9_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5885-9_3
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