Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastics. These have been proposed for a wide range of biotechnological applications, especially in the field of the medicine and chemistry. PHAs are produced by more than 300 bacterial species, the most efficient being Cupriavidus necator (formerly Ralstonia eutropha), Alcaligenes latus, and recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. PHAs are produced by fermentation using different culture systems, from batch culture to exponentially fed-batch cultures, and it is known that culture conditions, such as pH, aeration, and nutritional conditions, influence the chemical characteristic PHAs synthesized by microorganisms; because of that, it has been proposed that by manipulating the microbial metabolism and culture conditions, it is possible to design biopolymers with specific chemical properties. This paper describes four cases of PHAs production: the copolymers of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-poly-3-hydroxyvalerate [P(3HB-co-3HV)] and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-poly-3-hydroxyhexanoate [P(3HB-co-3HHx)], the medium-chain-length PHAs, the P3HB of ultrahigh molecular mass, and finally, the production of other short-chain-length PHAs, with a special emphasis on the species that have been reported for their production as well as the molecular and fermentation strategies evaluated in order to modify the chemical composition of PHAs.
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The authors gratefully thank the financial support of DGAPA-UNAM (grant IT100513) and Conacyt (grants 131851 and 238535).
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Malacara, C.F.P., Romero, A.G., Ponce, M.M., Marenco, T.C. (2015). Approaches for the Synthesis of Tailor-Made Polyhydroxyalkanoates. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Microbial Factories. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2595-9_2
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