Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Solar Energetic Particles and Space Weather: Science and Applications

   • Olga E. Malandraki, Norma B. Crosby

   Pages 1-26Open Access

3. Eruptive Activity Related to Solar Energetic Particle Events

   • Karl-Ludwig Klein

   Pages 27-43Open Access

4. Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

   • Rami Vainio, Alexandr Afanasiev

   Pages 45-61Open Access

5. Charged Particle Transport in the Interplanetary Medium

   • Angels Aran, Neus Agueda, Alexandr Afanasiev, Blai Sanahuja

   Pages 63-78Open Access

6. Cosmic Ray Particle Transport in the Earth’s Magnetosphere

   • R. Bütikofer

   Pages 79-94Open Access

7. Ground-Based Measurements of Energetic Particles by Neutron Monitors

   • R. Bütikofer

   Pages 95-111Open Access

8. HESPERIA Forecasting Tools: Real-Time and Post-Event

   • Marlon Núñez, Karl-Ludwig Klein, Bernd Heber, Olga E. Malandraki, Pietro Zucca, Johannes Labrens et al.

   Pages 113-131Open Access

9. X-Ray, Radio and SEP Observations of Relativistic Gamma-Ray Events

   • Karl-Ludwig Klein, Kostas Tziotziou, Pietro Zucca, Eino Valtonen, Nicole Vilmer, Olga E. Malandraki et al.

   Pages 133-155Open Access

10. Modelling of Shock-Accelerated Gamma-Ray Events

    • Alexandr Afanasiev, Angels Aran, Rami Vainio, Alexis Rouillard, Pietro Zucca, David Lario et al.

    Pages 157-177Open Access

11. Inversion Methodology of Ground Level Enhancements

    • B. Heber, N. Agueda, R. Bütikofer, D. Galsdorf, K. Herbst, P. Kühl et al.

    Pages 179-199Open Access

12. Back Matter

    Pages 201-203

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Solar energetic particles (SEPs) emitted from the Sun are a major space weather hazard motivating the development of predictive capabilities. This book presents the results and findings of the HESPERIA (High Energy Solar Particle Events forecasting and Analysis) project of the EU HORIZON 2020 programme. It discusses the forecasting operational tools developed within the project, and presents progress to SEP research contributed by HESPERIA both from the observational as well as the SEP modelling perspective. Using multi-frequency observational data and simulations HESPERIA investigated the chain of processes from particle acceleration in the corona, particle transport in the magnetically complex corona and interplanetary space, to the detection near 1 AU. The book also elaborates on the unique software that has been constructed for inverting observations of relativistic SEPs to physical parameters that can be compared with sp
ace-borne measurements at lower energies. Introductory and pedagogical material included in the book make it accessible to students at graduate level and will be useful as background material for Space Physics and Space Weather courses with emphasis on Solar Energetic Particle Event Forecasting and Analysis.

This book is published with open access under a CC BY license.

• Solar Energetic Particles
• Space Weather forecasting
• Solar Flares
• Coronal Mass Ejections
• Solar Wind Shock Waves
• Particle acceleration in the solar corona
• Gamma-ray flares
• Open Access

• National Observatory of Athens, IAASARS, Athens, Greece

  Olga E. Malandraki

• Space Physics Division - Space Weather, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium

  Norma B. Crosby

Dr. Olga E. Malandraki, Ph.D. is a Senior Researcher at the National Observatory of Athens, IAASARS. She has wide expertise in the analysis and interpretation of SEP data from the Ulysses, ACE, Wind and STEREO missions. She has investigated the magnetic topology of ICMEs using SEPs as tracers, the effect of the large-scale structure of the IMF on the propagation of energetic particles, the propagation of energetic particles inside Corotating Interactions Regions (CIRs), the solar origin of SEP events, the physical mechanisms leading to the establishment and maintenance of the so-called 'particle reservoirs' in the heliosphere, the propagation of energetic particles over the poles of the Sun, multi-spacecraft compositional SEP studies in the 3-D heliosphere as well as SEP forecasting and space weather impacts. The results of her studies have been published in more than 55 papers in refereed journals which have attracted a large number of citations. She serves as an Associate Editor and Editorial Board Member of two international peer-review journals as well as Co-editor for conference proceedings (e.g. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium Nr. 335 on “Space Weather of the Heliosphere: Processes and Forecasts”). She frequently contributes as referee in journals such as Solar Physics, Astrophysical Journal, Journal of Geophysical Research – Space Physics, Planetary and Space Science, Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications.  She acts as ‘Deputy President’ and ‘Heliosphere Science Officer’ of the Solar-Terrestrial Sciences Division of the European Geosciences Union (EGU), as Spokesperson of the Space Weather Working Team (SWWT) Topical Working sub-group on 'Solar Energetic Particles' of the European Space Agency (ESA), Chair of the Steering Committee of the ‘Balkan, Black Sea and Caspian Sea Regional Network for Space Weather Studies’ comprising 13 countries, as well as Organizing Committee Member of the IAU Commission E3 on ‘Solar Impact throughout the Heliosphere’. She has successfully coordinated the activities as Scientific Responsible, team leader for NOA in the FP7/COMESEP and SEPServer projects. She is the Coordinator of the very successful ‘HESPERIA’ HORIZON 2020 project of the European Union on 'Space Weather' as well as Scientific Responsible and team leader for NOA.

Dr. Eng. Norma B. Crosby has an interdisciplinary background in space physics, engineering, and administration. She has a PhD in Astrophysics and Space Technology (University of Paris 7, France), a Master of Science in Chemical Engineering (Technical University of Denmark, Denmark), and has participated in the International Space University (ISU) Summer Session Programme. For more than 20 years her main research interests have covered the analysis and interpretation of  solar flares, solar energetic particle events, statistical analyses of space plasma data, extr

eme space phenomena events, effects of space weather phenomena on technology and human health, and self-organized criticality while working at various Institutes in Europe as well as both ESA/ESTEC and NASA/GSFC. Since 2002 she has worked as a scientist at the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Belgium, where her function as co-leader of the Space Weather Group concerns linking basic science with applied science. She has been responsible for several EU and ESA space weather related projects, including the EU FP7 COMESEP Project of which she was Project Coordinator and the ESA SEPEM Project of which she was Project Manager. Additionally, she served as Project Coordinator of the two-year INTAS Network Project, “Key Parameters for Space Weather” (2000-0752), comprised of 18 teams from INTAS and NIS countries. She is Team Leader for BIRA-IASB in the EU H2020 HESPERIA Project and is Coordinator of the ESA Space Situational Awareness Space Radiation Expert Service Centre. She has served as editor/co-editor for several special journal issues in Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO) and Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP), as well as for meeting proceedings (e.g. AIP, ESA,  ISU). She frequently contributes as referee in journals such as JASTP, ADGEO, Geophysical Research Letters, COSPAR Advances in Space Research, Surveys of Geophysics, Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications, and Europhysics Letters.  Furthermore, she is active in education and public outreach activities; this includes promoting space weather in educational institutions at all levels, as well as raising and maintaining awareness of space weather effects among engineers, managers, and policy makers.