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Effects of the prey refuge distribution on a predator-prey system

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Abstract

The existence of prey refuges in a predator-prey system is known to be strongly related to the ecosystem’s stability. In this study, we explored how the prey refuge distribution affects the predator-prey system. To do so, we constructed a spatial lattice model to simulate an integrative predator (wolf) - prey (rabbit) - plant (grass) relationship. When a wolf (rabbit) encountered a rabbit (grass), the wolf (rabbit) tended to move to the rabbit (grass) for foraging while the rabbit tended to escape from the wolf. These behaviors were mathematically described by the degrees of willingness for hunting (H) and escaping (E). Initially, n refuges for prey were heterogeneously distributed in the lattice space. The heterogeneity was characterized as variable A. Higher values of A equate to higher aggregation in the refuge. We investigated the mean population density for different values of H, E, and A. To simply characterize the refuge distribution effect, we built an H-E grid map containing the population density for each species. Then, we counted the number of grids, N, with a population density ≥ 0.25. Simulation results showed that an appropriate value of A positively affected prey survival while values of A were too high had a negative effect on prey survival. The results were explained by using the trade-off between the staying time of the prey in the refuge and the cluster size of the refuge.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Integrated Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 34047, Korea

    Sang-Hee Lee, Ohsung Kwon & Hark-Soo Song

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  1. Sang-Hee Lee
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  2. Ohsung Kwon
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  3. Hark-Soo Song
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Correspondence to Sang-Hee Lee.

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Lee, SH., Kwon, O. & Song, HS. Effects of the prey refuge distribution on a predator-prey system. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 68, 821–829 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.68.821

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.68.821

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