Abstract
We focus on the issue of whether cognitive effort is causally related to memory. We begin with a discussion of the concept of cognitive effort as derived from capacity models of attention. We then suggest that the theoretical analysis of memory may involve concepts from different levels of psychological analysis, and we draw a distinction between concepts that represent boundary conditions and sufficient cause. When applied to memory phenomena, attentional concepts serve only as a boundary-or limiting-function in memory theory. In contrast, concepts that represent memorial processes serve as a sufficient cause function. In some instances, cognitive effort appears to have been used as a sufficient cause concept, resulting in some confusion. A review of the literature reveals a haphazard correlation between indexes of cognitive effort and of memory performance. Alternatively, the application of cognitive effort or capacity to the memory performance of certain populations (clinical, children, and elderly) illustrates a potentially more appropriate use of the concept.
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This article is based in part on a symposium at the 91st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in Anaheim, CA (Hunt, 1983). D. B. Mitchell was supported by a Research Fellowship Leave from Dedman College, Southern Methodist University. R. R. Hunt was supported by funds from the Research Council and an Excellence Fund fellowship from the University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
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Mitchell, D.B., Hunt, R.R. How much “effort” should be devoted to memory?. Memory & Cognition 17, 337–348 (1989). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198472
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198472