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Growth and viability of mycorrhizal extraradical mycelia associated with three temperate orchid species

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Abstract

Growth and enzymatic activities of extraradical mycelia (ERM) of native mycorrhizal symbionts associated with three orchid species, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, D. majalis and Platanthera bifolia, were studied. ERM extracted from the mycorrhizosphere of these species showed features typical for fungi that form orchid mycorrhiza. In the first pot experiment, three different treatments were applied on tubers of D. fuchsii transplanted from a natural site: control (no specific treatment), reinoculated (surface-sterilized tubers reinoculated with mycorrhizal fungi-colonised roots), and benomyl (nonsterilized tubers treated with fungicide). However, no significant differences in ERM growth and intensity of root mycorrhizal colonisation at harvest were observed among these treatments. ERM associated with reinoculated D. fuchsii plants showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity at week 36 than at week 24, but no differences were observed for NADH diaphorase activity. Benomyl application significantly reduced ALP activity in comparison with reinoculated plants at week 36. In the second experiment, plants of all three species were either untreated (control), or repeatedly treated with benomyl. Similarly to the results of the first experiment, benomyl application did not reduce the ERM growth of mycorrhizal symbionts associated with D. majalis and D. fuchsii. The low ERM growth associated with benomyl-treated P. bifolia was probably caused by poor root system development in this treatment. Significantly higher mycorrhizal colonisation was found for D. fuchsii compared to P. bifolia in control treatments at the end of cultivation. The ERM of native symbionts of the three orchid species studied seemed to have a different growth pattern over time and responded differently to fungicide application.

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Abbreviations

ALP:

alkaline phosphatase

CITES:

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

ERM:

extraradical mycelium

INT:

iodonitrotetrazolium chloride

NADH:

reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

OM:

orchid mycorrhiza

SE:

standard error

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic

    Martina Čuříková & Aleš Látr

  2. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Miroslav Vosátka

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  1. Martina Čuříková
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  2. Aleš Látr
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  3. Miroslav Vosátka
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Correspondence to Martina Čuříková.

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Čuříková, M., Látr, A. & Vosátka, M. Growth and viability of mycorrhizal extraradical mycelia associated with three temperate orchid species. Biologia 64, 63–68 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-009-0001-2

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