Biosynthesis and Processing of Silk Proteins

Conclusions

This article gives a brief overview of the current state of understanding of the biosynthesis and processing of natural silk proteins in spiders and silkworms. Genetic control and tailorability of polymer chain synthesis, molecular recognition and self-assembly during polymer processing, and fiber spinning from aqueous solution to achieve global alignment with minimal draw and energy input are all important activities in the process. Through the improved understanding of these activities, fundamentally new and useful approaches to the synthesis, assembly, and processing of polymers will emerge, as well as environmentally compatible approaches to these activities. Based on the early birefringence results described, we expect that mechanical properties of silk fibers can be further enhanced in comparison to the natural fibers, either through processing controls alone or coupled with genetic engineering of the native genes. Attempts to modify the system are discussed in the following article by Cappello. It should be noted however, that a considerable amount of research remains before the natural system is fully understood and can be used to guide modification efforts.