Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of single crystalline micron-sized rectangular silver bar

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The synthesis of single crystalline rectangular silver bar using polyacrylamide (PAM) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) by a hydrothermal process is reported. PAM has been used to create a reducing atmosphere as well as nucleation sites to produce silver seeds along the PAM chain. Several silver nanostructures viz. nanoparticles, growth of silver nanowires, and finally a single crystalline silver nanobar with a square cross section and of several microns in length, depending upon maturity and temperature of the hydrosol, are synthesized. At relatively lower temperatures (above 380 K) and higher pressure amide group of PAM is hydrolyzed with the liberation of ammonia (NH3), which produces a reducing atmosphere. As a result, the degraded PAM chain acts as nucleation sites to produce the assembly of silver nanocrystals along the chain. As the hydrosol becomes more and more mature, a directional growth of silver nanocrystals, called a mesocrystal, is formed. This mesocrystal is converted into single crystals due to fusion of higher energy surfaces (100) of nanocrystals to minimize the total surface energy. This growth process is completed with the formation of a single crystalline rectangular silver bar with a square cross section due to the growth of silver along the [110] direction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Yan, S.H. Park, G. Finkelstein, J.H. Reif DNA-templated self-assembly of protein arrays and highly conductive nanowires. Science 301, 1882 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Ung, L.M. Liz-Marzn, P. Mulvaney Optical properties of thin films of Au@SiO particles. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 3441 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Jin, Y.W. Cao, C.A. Mirkin, K.L. Kelly, G.C. Schatz, J.G. Zheng Photoinduced conversion of silver nanospheres to nanoprisms. Science 294, 1901 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pastoriza-I. Santos, Liz-L.M. Marzn Synthesis of silver nanoprisms in DMF. Nano Lett. 2, (8) 903 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Z.J. Jiang, C.Y. Liu, L.W. Sun Catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles supported on silica spheres. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, (5) 1730 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Wang, X. Guo, X. Wang, R. Wang, J. Hao Gas-phase propylene epoxidation over Ag/TS-1 prepared in W/O microemulsion: Effects of the molar ratio of water to surfactant and the reaction temperature. Catal. Lett. 96, (1–2) 79 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Cao, A. Gavriilidis Oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol in a microstructured reactor. Catal. Today 110, 154 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A.N. Pestryakov, N.E. Bogdanchikova, A. Knop-Gericke Alcohol selective oxidation over modiðed foam-silver catalysts. Catal. Today 91, 49 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Andreasen, H. Lynggaard, C. Stegelmann, P. Stoltze Simplified kinetic models of methanol oxidation on silver. Appl. Catal., A 289, 267 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L. Qu, G. Shi, X. Wu, B. Fan Facile route to silver nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 16, 1200 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Lee, R. Scholz, K. Nielsch, U.G. Sele A template-based electrochemical method for the synthesis of multi-segmented metallic nanotubes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 6050 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Andersson, J.S. Pedersen, A.E.C. Palmqvist Silver nanoparticle formation in microemulsions acting both as template and reducing agent. Langmuir 21, (24) 11387 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Jia, W. Xu, J. An, D. Li, B. Zhao A simple method to synthesize Triangular silver nanoparticles by light irradiation. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 64, 956 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Tsuji, Y. Nishizawa, K. Matsumoto, M. Kubokawa, M. Miyamae, T. Tsuji Effects of chain length of polyvinyl pyrrolidone for the synthesis of silver nanostructures by a microwave-polyol method. Mater. Lett. 60, 834 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Gou, M. Chipara, J.M. Zaleski Convenient, rapid synthesis of Ag nanowires. Chem. Mater. 19, 1755 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Gao, Q. Lu, S. Komarneni Interface reaction for the self assembly of silver nanocrystals under microwave-assisted solvothermal conditions. Chem. Mater. 17, (4) 856 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X.J. Xu, G.T. Fei, X.W. Wang, Z. Jin, W.H. Yu, L.D. Zhang Synthetic control of large-area, ordered silver nanowires with different diameters. Mater. Lett. 61, 19 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N.R. Jana, L. Gearheart, C.J. Murphy Wet chemical synthesis of silver nanorods and nanowires of controllable aspect ratio. Chem. Commun. 617, (2001)

  19. B. Wiley, T. Herricks, Y. Sun, Y. Xia Polyol synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Use of chloride and oxygen to promote the formation of single-crystal, truncated cubes and tetrahedrons. Nano Lett. 4, (9) 1733 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Kan, J. Zhu, X. Zhu Silver nanostructures with well controlled shapes: Synthesis, characterization and growth mechanisms. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 155304 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Chen, L. Wang, H. Yu, J. Wang, J. Zhou, Q. Tan, L. Deng Morphology-controlled synthesis of silver nanostructures via a seed catalysis process. Nanotechnol. 18, 115612 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S.E. Skrabalak, B.J. Wiley, M. Kim, E.V. Formo, Y. Xia On the polyol synthesis of silver nanostructures: Glycolaldehyde as a reducing agent. Nano Lett. 8, (7) 2077 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A.R. Tao, S. Habas, P. Yang Shape control of colloidal metal nanocrystals. Small 4, 310 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Wang, H. Yin, M. Ren, Y. Liu, T. Jiang Synergistic effect of silver seeds and organic modiðers on the morphology evolution mechanism of silver nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 6527 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Wang, X. Qiao, X. Chena, X. Wang, S. Ding Mechanisms of PVP in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. Mater. Chem. Phys. 94, 449 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M.J. Caulfield, G.G. Qiao, D.H. Solomon Some aspects of the properties and degradation of polyacrylamides. Chem. Rev. 102, 3067 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M.N. Gom, J. Ringnalda, J.F. Mansfield, A. Agarwal, N. Kotov, N.J. Zaluzec, T.B. Norris Single particle plasmon spectroscopy of silver nanowires and gold nanorods. Nano Lett. 8, 3200 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. B.J. Wiley, Y. Chen, J.M. McLellan, Y. Xiong, Z.Y. Li, D. Ginger, Y. Xia Synthesis and optical properties of silver nanobars and nanorice. Nano Lett. 7, 1032 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Mukherjee, M. Mukherjee Nitrogen-mediated interaction in polyacrylamide-silver nanocomposites. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18, 11233 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Fang, B. Ding, X. Song, Y. Han How a silver dendritic mesocrystal converts to a single crystal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 173120 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. F. Huang, H. Zhang, J.F. Banfield Two-stage crystal-growth kinetics observed during hydrothermal coarsening of nanocrystalline ZnS. Nano Lett. 3, 373 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. B.A. Korgel, D. Fitzmaurice Self-assembly of silver nanocrystals into two-dimensional nanowires arrays. Adv. Mater. 10, 661 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Jiang, S.Y. Li, S.S. Xie, Y. Gao, L. Song Machinable long PVP-stabilized silver nanowires. Chem. Eur. J. 10, 4817 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Gao, P. Jiang, D.F. Liu, H.J. Yuan, X.Q. Yan, Z.P. Zhou, J.X. Wang, L. Song, L.F. Liu, W.Y. Zhou, G. Wang, C.Y. Wang, S.S. Xie Synthesis, characterization and self-assembly of silver nanowires. Chem. Phys. Lett. 380, 146 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Y.H. Kim, D.K. Lee, H.G. Cha, C.W. Kim, Y.S. Kang Super lattice of Ag nanoparticles prepared by new one-step synthetic method in aqueous phase. Chem. Mater. 19, 5049 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Fang, H. You, P. Kong, Y. Yi, X. Song, B. Ding Dendritic silver nanostructure growth and evolution in replacement reaction. Cryst. Growth Des. 7, 864 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. Fang, B. Ding, X. Song Self-assembly ability of building units in mesocrystal, structural, and morphological transitions in Ag nanostructures growth. Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 103616 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Fang, B. Ding, X. Song Self-assembly mechanism of plate like silver mesocrystal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 083108 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Biswajit Mondal, Dipanwita Majumdar & Shyamal K. Saha

Authors
  1. Biswajit Mondal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dipanwita Majumdar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shyamal K. Saha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shyamal K. Saha.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mondal, B., Majumdar, D. & Saha, S.K. Synthesis of single crystalline micron-sized rectangular silver bar. Journal of Materials Research 25, 383–390 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2010.0054

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2010.0054

Search

Navigation