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Exploiting Recent Trends in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia through Topical Nanocarriers of Minoxidil

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Abstract

Androgenic alopecia, a polygenetic disorder, is characterized by well-defined hair loss that progresses gradually. The disease affects both males and females and exerts a drastic impact on a person’s psychological well-being. Minoxidil (MIN) is the commonly prescribed FDA-approved agent for the treatment of disease. It is conventionally administered as a topical solution but is allied with several adverse reactions, such as erythema and dermatitis, resulting in decreased patient compliance. To overcome these side effects, researchers developed various nanocarriers of MIN. Encapsulation of MIN in various nanocarriers enhances the entry of the drug into hair follicles and results in the formation of reservoirs for controlled delivery of the drug. It also increases the therapeutic outcomes in comparison to conventional formulations. The present review discusses the composition and physicochemical properties of different nanocarrier systems of MIN. Although successful encapsulation of MIN has been observed in these nanocarriers, there is still scarce data regarding their loading in a final dosage form. This allows researchers to conduct more in vivo studies and focus on their clinical applications.

Highlights

• Androgenic alopecia is a polygenetic disorder with gradual loss of hair that progresses with age.

• Minoxidil An FDA-approved drug for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.

• Is allied with several adverse reactions, having decreased therapeutic efficacy.

• Several nanocarriers including polymeric lipid-based and inorganic nanoparticles have been developed to improve their therapeutic efficacy.

• Utilization of these nanocarriers results in increased retention of MIN within the hair follicles and utilizes low concentrations of solvents.

• Modifications of different physicochemical properties of these carriers I.e. Particle size Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency are important to attain the above objectives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Khushbakht Saleem, Bazla Siddiqui, Asim .ur.Rehman & Naveed Ahmed

  2. Department of Mental Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Malik Mumtaz Taqi

Authors
  1. Khushbakht Saleem
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  2. Bazla Siddiqui
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  3. Asim .ur.Rehman
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  4. Malik Mumtaz Taqi
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  5. Naveed Ahmed
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Khushbakht Saleem, Bazla Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed; formal analysis: Khushbakht Saleem, Bazla Siddiqui; writing—original draft preparation: Khushbakht Saleem, Bazla Siddiqui; writing—review and editing: Asim ur Rehman, Malik Mumtaz Taqi, and Naveed Ahmed; supervision: Asim ur Rehman, Malik Mumtaz Taqi, and Naveed Ahmed; project administration: Asim ur Rehman, Malik Mumtaz Taqi, and Naveed Ahmed. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Naveed Ahmed.

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Saleem, K., Siddiqui, B., .ur.Rehman, A. et al. Exploiting Recent Trends in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia through Topical Nanocarriers of Minoxidil. AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 292 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02444-0

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