Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Does Torulaspora delbrueckii has some probiotic capabilities? In vitro and in vivo assessment

  • Research
  • Published:
Nutrire Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Yeasts are gaining attention as potential emerging tools for enhancing the dietary benefits of food attributes and for preventing food spoilage because of their anti-microbial properties.

Methods

In this study, both Torulaspora delbrueckii (T. delbrueckii) as a prospective probiotic and bananas as a prebiotic were used to investigate their potential roles in modulating the lipid content and bacterial number in the feces of examined rats.

Results

Milk has been used to isolate a yeast stain that has been identified using conventional and molecular tools as T. delbrueckii. The isolated yeast showed promising results upon testing for acid and bile tolerance. T. delbrueckii also had the capacity to thrive on simulating stomach and intestinal fluids. According to an animal feeding experiment, rats fed T. delbrueckii developed and acquired mass in a regular manner. Consuming T. delbrueckii also dramatically lowers LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while dramatically raising HDL levels. Consuming both T. delbrueckii and bananas along with regular animals’ diet considerably reduced the amount of coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. in the rats’ excrement.

Conclusions

These findings suggested a potential function for T. delbrueckii in treating hypocholesteremia and controlling the bacterial flora of the intestine, which can then be used widely after more confirmation of the outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All the data is available in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

T. delbrueckii:

Torulaspora delbrueckii

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triacylglycerol

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HFD:

High fat diet

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

VRBA:

Violet red bile agar medium

References

  1. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, et al. The international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11:506–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Xavier-Santos D, Bedani R, Lima ED, Saad SMI. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods. 2020;64:e103666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103666.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J. 2017;474:1823–36. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Suez J, Zmora N, Segal E, Elinav E. The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics. Nat Med. 2019;25:716–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0439-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Durmaz S, Kurtoğlu T, Barbarus E, Çetin NK, Yılmaz M, Rahman ÖF, Abacıgil F. Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates lung injury by reduction of oxidative stress and cytokine response induced by supraceliac aortic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;36(4):515–21. https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0153.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Amorim JC, Piccoli RH, Duarte WF. Probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from pineapple and their use in the elaboration of potentially functional fermented beverages. Food Res Int. 2018;107:518–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.054.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Menezes AGT, Ramos CL, Cenzi G, Melo DS, Dias DR, Schwan RF. Probiotic potential, antioxidant activity, and phytase production of indigenous yeasts isolated from indigenous fermented foods. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020;12(1):280–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-019-9518-z.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shakira G, Qubtia M, Ahmed I, Hasan F, Anjum MI, Imran M. Effect of indigenously isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood chemistry and fecal microbiota in lactating dairy cows. The J Anim Plant Sci. 2018;28(2):201.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kalathinathan P, Kodiveri MG. Characterization of a potential probiotic strain Paracoccus marcusii KGP and its application in whey bioremediation. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2021;66(5):819–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-021-00886-w.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dai FJ, Hsu WH, Huang JJ, Wu SC. Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) on high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;53:384–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.029.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bellosta S, Paoletti R, Corsini A. Safety of statins: focus on clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Circulation. 2004;109:50–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000131519.15067.1f.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Puttarat N, Kasorn A, Vitheejongjaroen P, Chantarangkul C, Tangwattanachuleeporn M, Taweechotipatr M. Beneficial effects of indigenous probiotics in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrients. 2023;15(12):2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122710.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Ramírez M, Velázquez R. The yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii: an interesting but difficult-to-use tool for winemaking. Fermentation. 2018;4(4):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4040094.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang BQ, Luan Y, Duan CQ, Yan GL. Use of Torulaspora delbrueckii co-fermentation with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with different aromatic characteristic to improve the diversity of red wine aroma profile. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:606. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00606.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, Seifan M, Mohkam M, Masoumi SJ, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y. Prebiotics: definition, types, sources, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Foods. 2019;8(3):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8030092.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Collins S, Reid G. Distant site effects of ingested prebiotics. Nutrients. 2016;8:523. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090523.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Younis K, Ahmad S, Jahan K. Health benefits and application of prebiotics in foods. J Food Process Technol. 2015;6(4):1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Abatenh E, Gizaw B, Tsegay Z, Tefera G, Aynalem E. Health benefits of probiotics. J Bacteriol Infec Dis. 2018;2(1):8–27.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Posteraro B, Efremov L, Leoncini E, Amore R, Posteraro P, Ricciardi W, Sanguinetti M. Are the conventional commercial yeast identification methods still helpful in the era of new clinical microbiology diagnostics? A meta-analysis of their accuracy. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(8):2439–50. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00802-15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Díaz PE, Aranda C, Martínez O, Godoy R, Gonzales A, Valenzuela E. Characterization of yeast in hapludands soil with biotechnological potential. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2017;17:4. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162017000400009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Qvirist LA, De Filippo C, Strati F, Stefanini I, Sordo M, Andlid T, Felis GE, Mattarelli P, Cavalieri D. Isolation, identification and characterization of yeasts from fermented goat milk of the Yaghnob Valley in Tajikistan. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1690. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01690.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Karimi L, Mirhendi H, Khodadadi H, Mohammadi R. Molecular identification of uncommon clinical yeast species in Iran. Curr Med Mycol. 2015;1(2):1–6. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Bessadok B, Jaouadi B, Brück T, Santulli A, Messina CM, Sadok S. Molecular identification and biochemical characterization of novel marine yeast strains with potential application in industrial biotechnology. Fermentation. 2022;8(10):538. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100538.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Moradi R, Nosrati R, Zare H, Tahmasebi T, Saderi H, Owlia P. Screening and characterization of in-vitro probiotic criteria of Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces strains. Iran J Microbiol. 2018;10(2):123–31.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Boranbayeva T, Karahan AG, Tulemissova Z, Myktybayeva R, Özkaya S. Properties of a new probiotic candidate and lactobacterin-TK2 against diarrhea in calves. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020;12(3):918–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09649-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Al-Seraih A, Flahaut C, Krier F, Cudennec B, Drider D. Characterization of Candida famata isolated from poultry feces for possible probiotic applications. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2015;7(4):233–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-015-9201-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fernández-Pacheco P, Pintado C, Briones PA, Arévalo-Villena M. Potential probiotic strains of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces: functional and biotechnological characteristics. J Fungi (Basel). 2021;7(3):177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7030177.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang X, Wu C, Wu H, Sheng L, Su Y, Zhang X, Luan H, Sun G, Sun X, Tian Y, Ji Y, Guo P, Xu X. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects and potential mechanisms of action of the caffeoylquinic acid-rich Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061922.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang R, Wang C, Ye H, Gao F, Cheng J, Zhang T, Guo M. Effects of feeding hyperlipidemia rats with symbiotic oat-based frozen yogurt on serum triglycerides and cholesterol. Food Sci Nutr. 2019;7(3):1096–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.949.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Wan X, Li T, Liu D, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang H, Zhao C. Effect of marine microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa ethanol extract on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed rats. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(12):498. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120498.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahmad U, Ahmad RS, Arshad MS, Mushtaq Z, Hussain SM, Hameed A. Antihyperlipidemic efficacy of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in albino rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17(1):175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0810-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Parwin A, Najmi AK, Ismail MV, Kaundal M, Akhtar M. Protective effects of alendronate in Triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2019;30(6):557–64. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2019.18076.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Tanaka S, Madokoro S, Inaoka PT, Yamazaki T. Blood lipid profile changes in type 2 diabetic rats after tail suspension and reloading. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1):84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01511-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Ebrahimi MN, Khaksari M, Sepehri G, Karam GA, Raji-Amirhasani A, Azizian H. The effects of alone and combination tamoxifen, raloxifene and estrogen on lipid profile and atherogenic index of ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2020;263:118573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118573.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Feng X, Maze M, Koch LG, Britton SL, Hellman J. Exaggerated acute lung injury and impaired antibacterial defenses during Staphylococcus aureus infection in rats with the metabolic syndrome. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126906. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126906.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Chettaoui R, Mayot G, De Almeida L, Di Martino P. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) dietary supplementation and fecal microbiota of Wister rats. AIMS Microbiol. 2021;7(2):257–70. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2021016.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Arévalo-Villena M, Fernandez-Pacheco P, Castillo N, Bevilacqua A, Briones Pérez A. Probiotic capability in yeasts: set-up of a screening method. LWT. 2018;89:657–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.047.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ochangco HS, Gamero A, Smith IM, Christensen JE, Jespersen L, Arneborg N (2016) In vitro investigation of Debaryomyces hansenii strains for potential probiotic properties. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2109-1.

  39. Oliveira T, Ramalhosa E, Nunes L, Pereira JA, Colla E, Pereira EL. Probiotic potential of indigenous yeasts isolated during the fermentation of table olives from Northeast of Portugal. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2017;44:167–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.06.003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1682S-1687S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1682S.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Senkarcinova B, Graça Dias IA, Nespor J, Branyik T. Probiotic alcohol-free beer made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. LWT. 2019;100:362–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.082.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fernandes T, Silva-Sousa F, Pereira F, Rito T, Soares P, Franco-Duarte R, Sousa MJ. Biotechnological importance of Torulaspora delbrueckii: from the obscurity to the spotlight. J Fungi (Basel). 2021;7(9):712. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090712.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Silva-Sousa F, Fernandes T, Pereira F, Rodrigues D, Rito T, Camarasa C, Franco-Duarte R, Sousa MJ. Torulaspora delbrueckii phenotypic and metabolic profiling towards its biotechnological exploitation. J Fungi (Basel). 2022;8(6):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060569.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ho VTT, Zhao J, Fleet G. Yeasts are essential for cocoa bean fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol. 2014;174:72–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Alkalbani NS, Osaili TM, Al-Nabulsi AA, Obaid RS, Olaimat AN, Liu SQ, Ayyash M. In vitro characterization and identification of potential probiotic yeasts isolated from fermented dairy and non-dairy food products. J Fungi (Basel). 2022;8(5):544. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050544.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Diguță CF, Mihai C, Toma RC, Cîmpeanu C, Matei F. In vitro assessment of yeasts strains with probiotic attributes for aquaculture use. Foods. 2023;12(1):124. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12010124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cressey R, Kumsaiyai W, Mangklabruks A. Daily consumption of banana marginally improves blood glucose and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects and increases serum adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients. Indian J Exp Biol. 2014;52(12):1173–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Konda PY, Poondla V, Jaiswal KK, Dasari S, Uyyala R, Surtineni VP, Egi JY, Masilamani AJA, Bestha L, Konanki S, Muthulingam M, Lingamgunta LK, Aloor BP, Tirumalaraju S, Sade A, Ratnam Kamsala V, Nagaraja S, Ramakrishnan R, Natesan V. Pathophysiology of high fat diet induced obesity: impact of probiotic banana juice on obesity associated complications and hepatosteatosis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):16894. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73670-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Rosado CP, Rosa VHC, Martins BC, Soares AC, Almo A, Monteiro EB, Mulder ADRP, Moura-Nunes N, Daleprane JB. Green banana flour supplementation improves obesity-associated systemic inflammation and regulates gut microbiota profile in mice fed high-fat diets. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021;46(12):1469–75. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kuo SM, Merhige PM, Hagey LR. The effect of dietary prebiotics and probiotics on body weight, large intestine indices, and fecal bile acid profile in wild type and IL10-/- mice. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e60270. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Morales-Ferré C, Azagra-Boronat I, Massot-Cladera M, Tims S, Knipping K, Garssen J, Knol J, Franch À, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ. Preventive effect of a postbiotic and prebiotic mixture in a rat model of early life rotavirus induced-diarrhea. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061163.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Shao T, Yu Q, Zhu T, Liu A, Gao X, Long X, Liu Z. Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers alleviates hyperglycaemia in high-fat-diet-induced diabetes mice through the intestinal microflora improvement. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(3):308–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519002332.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Shehata MG, El Sohaimy SA, El-Sahn MA, Youssef MM. Screening of isolated potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria for cholesterol lowering property and bile salt hydrolase activity. Ann Agric Sci. 2016;61:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.03.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Choi SB, Lew LC, Yeo SK, Nair Parvathy S, Liong MT. Probiotics and the BSH-related cholesterol lowering mechanism: a Jekyll and Hyde scenario. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2015;35:392–401. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.889077.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jarocki P, Podlesny M, Glibowski P, Targonski Z. A new insight into the physiological role of bile salt hydrolase among intestinal bacteria from the genus Bifidobacterium. PLoS One. 2014;9:e114379. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114379.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Lye HS, Rahmat-Ali GR, Liong MT. Mechanisms of cholesterol removal by lactobacilli under conditions that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract. Int Dairy J. 2010;20:169–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.10.003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Molska M, Reguła J, Rudzińska M, Świeca M. Fatty acids profile, atherogenic and thrombogenic health lipid indices of lyophilized buckwheat sprouts modified with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2020;19(4):483–90. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0866.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Cangiano LR, Yohe TT, Steele MA, Renaud DL. Strategic use of microbial-based probiotics and prebiotics in dairy calf rearing. Appl Anim Sci. 2020;36(5):630–51. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2020-02049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Evdokimova SA, Nokhaeva VS, Karetkin BA, Guseva EV, Khabibulina NV, Kornienko MA, Grosheva VD, Menshutina NV, Shakir IV, Panfilov VIA. Study on the Synbiotic Composition of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Fructans from Arctium lappa Roots and Helianthus tuberosus tubers against Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms. 2021;9(5):930. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050930.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11787, Cairo, Egypt

    Eman A. Helmy & Mohammed Yosri

  2. Department of Dairy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

    Reda H. Abdel-Fadeel

  3. Department of Chemistry& Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

    Eman Hassan

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faulty of Science, Mansoura University, Eldakahliya, Egypt

    Eman Hassan

Authors
  1. Eman A. Helmy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Reda H. Abdel-Fadeel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammed Yosri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eman Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

E.A.H. and M.Y. contributed to conceptualization and investigation; E.H. and R.H.A contributed to conceptualization; E.A.H. and M.Y. contributed to supervision, methodology, and validation; E.E.H., E.H., and R.H.A. contributed to methodology; E.A.H., M.Y., R.H.A., and E.H. contributed to formal analysis and roles/writing—original draft; E.A.H., M.Y., and E.H. contributed to roles/writing—original draft; E.H. contributed to resources and writing—review and editing; E.A.H., M.Y., and E.H. contributed to project administration, validation, and resources; E.A.H., M.Y., and E.H. contributed to project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed Yosri.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Animal experiments have the ethical approval numbers (RCMB00022072020). All animal experiments comply with ARRIVE guidelines in accordance with the National Institute of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publication No. 8023, revised 1987).

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Helmy, E.A., Abdel-Fadeel, R.H., Yosri, M. et al. Does Torulaspora delbrueckii has some probiotic capabilities? In vitro and in vivo assessment. Nutrire 49, 15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41110-024-00258-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41110-024-00258-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation