Correction to: Large-scale Assess Educ (2021) 9:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-021-00098-1

After online publication of the article (Karakolidis et al., 2021), we noticed there were citations and references unintentionally omitted from the manuscript. These have now been included in the manuscript.

In the Data section, the first two sentences should be read as:

This paper presents results from secondary analyses of national and international assessment data for primary school-aged students. Data from NAMER 2009 (Eivers et al., 2010), NAMER 2014 (Shiel et al., 2014), TIMSS 2011 (Foy et al., 2013) and TIMSS 2015 (Foy, 2017) were used.

In the Participants section, the first sentence should read as:

NAMER and TIMSS have similar complex designs (Eivers et al., 2010; Martin et al., 2016), selecting a representative sample of schools and students within a country.


The following references should be added to the References list:

  • Archer, P., & Sofroniou, N. (2008). The Assessment of Levels of Disadvantage in Primary Schools for DEIS. Educational Research Centre.

  • Andon, A., Thompson, C. G., & Becker, B. J. (2014). A quantitative synthesis of the immigrant achievement gap across OECD countries. Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 2(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-014-0007-2

  • Eivers, E., Clerkin, A., Millar, D., & Close, S. (2010). The 2009 National Assessments: Technical Report. Educational Research Centre.

  • Foy, P. (2017). TIMSS 2015 User Guide for the International Database. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

  • Foy, P., Arora, A., & Stanco, G. M. (Eds.). (2013). TIMSS 2011 User Guide for the International Database. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

  • Martin, M. O., Mullis, I. V. S., & Hooper, M. (Eds.). (2016). Methods and Procedures in TIMSS 2015. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).